Jar, Kärl

Baumgartel, E.J., The Cultures of Prehistoric Egypt, I, Oxford 1947, 33. Listed in Petrie, Diospolis parva , pl. XX-XXIII.
Brunton, G., Mostagedda and the Tasian Culture first and second years 1928-1929, BME, (London, 1937), pl. XXXXVIIIII, and p.85
Brunton, G., Matmar, pl. XXII, London 1948, pl. XXII and p.18
Brunton, G. and Caton-Thomson, G., The Badarian Civilisation and predynastic remains near Badari, BSAE, (London 1928), p.LIV f. and p. 55
Petrie, W.M.F., Corpus of prehistoric pottery and palettes, .. Late¨, BSAE, (London 1921), pl.49, no.47 A
Petrie, W.M.F., Diospolis Parva, London 1901, 29
Petrie, W.M.F., Tarkhan II, London, 1914, pl. XX-XXI, (SD80-81)
Randall, D. - Maciver/A. C. Mace, El Amrah and Abydos 1899-1901, London 1902, pl.XVII
Scharff, A. Die Altertümer der Vor- und Frühzeit Ägyptens I, Berlin, 1931, Pl. 34, no.342 and p.155
Additionally the neck, Baumgartel, E.J., The Cultures of Prehistoric Egypt, I, 28
Mond, R. and Myers, O.H., Cemeteries of Armant I, London, 1937, 167 and 177 ff.

During Naqada II (ca 3600–3250 BC), a lighter clay from the desert’s edge was introduced.
New shapes appeared, for example vessels with wavy handles. Another novelty was light coloured vessels with red decoration that sometimes imitated the surface of stone vessels. Complete narratives were sometimes painted in the same red colour, with boats, palm trees and mountains.
During this period, the long-distance trade with areas in Syria-Palestine and even farther away increases. Along the trade routes, the pottery
of Upper Egypt is spread north. At the end of the period the material culture is by and large the same for the whole of the Nile Valley and the Delta. The area is still politically divided between several minor kingdoms.
During Naqada III (ca 3250–3100 BC), the pottery became more uniform with fewer decorated vessels and simpler motifs.
During this time the first hieroglyphic writing appears in the form of simple notes on pottery.
At the end of the period, ca 3100 BC, the Nile Valley and Delta are united into one state under the same king.

Under perioden Naqada II (ca 3600–3250 f Kr) introduceras en ljusare lera från ökenkanten.
Nya former dök upp, till exempel kärl med vågformade handtag. En annan nyhet var ljusa kärl med röd dekor, som ibland imiterade ytan på stenkärl. I samma röda färg målades ibland hela berättelser, med båtar, palmer och berg.
Under den här perioden ökar långväga handel med områden i Syrien-Palestina och ännu längre bort. Längs handelsvägarna sprids keramiken
från Övre Egypten norrut. Vid periodens slut är den materiella kulturen densamma i så gott som hela Nildalen och Deltat. Politiskt är området fortfarande delat mellan flera mindre kungadömen.

Under Naqada III (ca 3250–3100 f Kr) blev keramiken mer enhetlig med färre dekorerade
kärl och enklare motiv.
Vid den här tiden uppkommer den första hieroglyfskriften i form av enkla noteringar på keramik. Vid periodens slut, ca 3100 f Kr är Nildalen och Deltat enade till en stat under samma kung.