A network of interconnected trade routes crisscrossed the Asian steppes. These linked together the three continents of Africa, Asia and Europe, and were known collectively as the Silk Roads.
Starting in the 4th century BCE, Alexander the Great’s conquests stretched Greek influence as far away as Bactria in present-day Afghanistan, where the city of Balkh was an important centre of learning. In the 4th century CE, Buddhism was dominant in Central Asia. Influenced by Greek depictions of gods, they began producing Buddha statues.
In the 6th century, Christianity grew strong and influential. Throughout the Middle Ages, there were many more Christians in Asia than in Europe. In the early 8th century, Central Asia was conquered by Muslims, and Islam has been the dominant religion there ever since.