The western arm of the cross and the colour white stand for spirits and the world of the dead. Just as the sun sets in the west, human bodies must eventually die, and the soul joins its ancestors in Mpemba, the land of the dead.
At graves and memorials, there are sculptures of the dead, but also pots, bottles and dishes the deceased can use in the land of the dead. The living honour the dead by giving them food and palm wine. They speak to them and ask them to convey the good power of Mpemba to the land of the living.
Mpemba is underground, separated from the world by a vast body of water, Kalunga. The horizontal line of the dikenga cross symbolises the water barrier, which is also a channel between the worlds. The world of the dead is a mirror image of our world: when it is night among the living, it is day in Mpemba. There are villages with fields, houses and animals there. Along with the benevolent spirits in Mpemba, there are also more erratic and sometimes evil spirits.