Guide to all the rituals and prayers included in the Hajj.
The Hajj is performed during a specific period of the year, in the twelfth and final month of the Islamic calendar. It’s quite possible to make a pilgrimage to Mecca during the rest of the year, too. This minor pilgrimage is called the Umrah and is not considered to fulfil the requirements of the Hajj.
The Umrah can be completed in a few hours, as it does not involve as many elements as the Hajj. The Umrah consists of entering the sacred state of a pilgrim (ihram), circling the Kaaba (tawaf), walking back and forth between the Safa and Marwah hills (say), and shaving or cutting one’s hair (halak).
The Hajj includes the Day of Arafah, during which pilgrims think of their sins and ask for God’s forgiveness. After sundown, pilgrims go to Muzdalifah and collect pebbles to symbolically throw at the devil during the next three days. The third day is Eid al-Adha (the festival of sacrifice). The pilgrimage is completed by circling the Kaaba seven times. In order to know what has to be done and which prayers go with each stage, it can be handy to have a guide like this.