jar, kärl

Petrie, W.M.F., Corpus of prehistoric pottery and palettes, BSAE, (London 1921), 41 B (SD 46), J, N, S
Scharff, A. Die Altertümer der Vor- und Frühzeit Ägyptens I, Berlin, 1931, pl.14 No.329, 389
It is also depicted in Brunton, G., Mostagedda and the Tasian Culture first and second years 1928-1929, BME, (London, 1937), pl. XXXII 6: 221 = pl. XXXV no.17
Lucas, P. Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries , London, 1962, 383, and additional references listed within.
Baumann, H., Bemerkungen zur kultisch-mythischen Bedeutung der Aloe in Afrika, Mitteilungen der anthropologischen Gesellschaft in Wien 100, Wien 1970, 243 ff.
Keimer, L., Pendeloques en forme d’insectes faisant partie de colliers égyptiens, ASAE 34, 1934, 177 ff.
Larsen, H. On a Detail of the Naqada Plant, ASAE 54, 1957, 239 ff.
Laurent, V.- Täckholm, The Plant of Naqada, ASAE 51, 1951, 299 ff.
Petrie, W.M.F., Corpus of prehistoric pottery and palettes, BSAE, (London 1921), 36 A (SD40.54) and G.
On the aloe, see also Petrie, W.M.F., Prehistoric Egypt, BSAE, (London, 1920), 18
Vandier, J., Manuel d’archéologie égyptienne I, Paris 1952, 335 ff., 346 f.
Regarding the standard, it does not exist in Petrie’s list; Prehistoric Egypt, pl. XXIII

George, B. , Frühe Keramik aus Ägypten, MedMusB , no.10, (Stockholm, 1975), pp.90-91, no.148
Brunton, G., Mostagedda and the Tasian Culture first and second years 1928-1929, BME, (London, 1937), pl. XXXII 6: 221 = pl. XXXV no.17

During Naqada II (ca 3600–3250 BC), a lighter clay from the desert’s edge was introduced.
New shapes appeared, for example vessels with wavy handles. Another novelty was light coloured vessels with red decoration that sometimes imitated the surface of stone vessels. Complete narratives were sometimes painted in the same red colour, with boats, palm trees and mountains.
During this period, the long-distance trade with areas in Syria-Palestine and even farther away increases. Along the trade routes, the pottery
of Upper Egypt is spread north. At the end of the period the material culture is by and large the same for the whole of the Nile Valley and the Delta. The area is still politically divided between several minor kingdoms.
During Naqada III (ca 3250–3100 BC), the pottery became more uniform with fewer decorated vessels and simpler motifs.
During this time the first hieroglyphic writing appears in the form of simple notes on pottery.
At the end of the period, ca 3100 BC, the Nile Valley and Delta are united into one state under the same king.

Under perioden Naqada II (ca 3600–3250 f Kr) introduceras en ljusare lera från ökenkanten.
Nya former dök upp, till exempel kärl med vågformade handtag. En annan nyhet var ljusa kärl med röd dekor, som ibland imiterade ytan på stenkärl. I samma röda färg målades ibland hela berättelser, med båtar, palmer och berg.
Under den här perioden ökar långväga handel med områden i Syrien-Palestina och ännu längre bort. Längs handelsvägarna sprids keramiken
från Övre Egypten norrut. Vid periodens slut är den materiella kulturen densamma i så gott som hela Nildalen och Deltat. Politiskt är området fortfarande delat mellan flera mindre kungadömen.

Under Naqada III (ca 3250–3100 f Kr) blev keramiken mer enhetlig med färre dekorerade
kärl och enklare motiv.
Vid den här tiden uppkommer den första hieroglyfskriften i form av enkla noteringar på keramik. Vid periodens slut, ca 3100 f Kr är Nildalen och Deltat enade till en stat under samma kung.