In the collections from Africa, many items are connected to the leopard. Either the objects depict leopards, or leopard skin, teeth, claws, or bones are used as a raw material. In many historical societies in Africa, the leopard was closely associated with the highest ranks of society, like kings, chieftains, religious and social leaders, or those who knew medicine. Priests in Pharaonic Egypt have been depicted with leopard skins, and, in Ghana, only the Ashanti king may sit in the leopard chair.
In the myths of both the Ashanti Empire and Dahomey, the leopard is often the founding ancestor of royal families. The king of the Benin Empire, in today's Nigeria, owned tame leopards that were sacrificed at annual ceremonies, and was himself called "the leopard in the house" – in contrast to "the leopard in the wild", for real leopards. The animal was a very common motif in bronze-work and ivory sculptures from Benin until the 20th century.