Tab 1
Parkinson Collection Sex and Age Class Estimate
ID# Age Class Male Male? Female Female? Juvenile
1897.09.0001 YA X
1897.09.0002 OA X
1897.09.0003 YA-MA X
1897.09.0004 YA X
1897.09.0005 YA X
1897.09.0006 MA-OA X
1897.09.0007 OA X
1897.09.0008 MA X
1897.09.0009 YA-MA X
1897.09.0010 YA-MA X
1897.09.0011 MA-OA X
1897.09.0012 YA X
1897.09.0013 YA X
1897.09.0014 YA X
1897.09.0015 YA X
1897.09.0016 OC X
1897.09.0017 OA X
1897.09.0018 YA X
1897.09.0019 YA-MA X
1897.09.0020 YA X
1897.09.0021 MA X
1897.09.0022 YA X
1897.09.0023 YA-MA X
1897.09.0024 YA X
1897.09.0025 YA X
1897.09.0026 YA X
1897.09.0027 YA X
1897.09.0028 MA X
1897.09.0029 YA X
1897.09.0030 OC X
1897.09.0031 YA-MA X
1897.09.0032 MA-OA X
1897.09.0033 YA X
1897.09.0034 YA X
1897.09.0035 MA X
1897.09.0036 MA-OA X
1897.09.0037 MA-OA X
1897.09.0038 YA X
1897.09.0039 YA X
1897.09.0040 YA-MA X
1897.09.0041 YA-MA X
1897.09.0042 OA X
1897.09.0043 MA-OA X
1897.09.0044 C X
1897.09.0045 YA X
C = Child; OC = Older Child; YA = Young Adult; MA = Mature Adult; OA = Older Adult
Tab 2
Parkinson Collection Decoration Assessment
ID# Age Class Sex Decoration? Additive? Reductive? Soot? Pigment? Accoutrements? Other? Notes
1897.09.0001 YA F? Yes X No No Yes No Decoration consists of a single frond loop tied around the left zygomatic arch and folded back on itself. It is fragile and has areas of darker organic staining. The darker reddish-brown regions of the skull could represent where pigment was applied, but no pigment remains on the surface as a layer of material applied to the bone.
1897.09.0002 OA M Yes X No No Yes No Decoration consists of a single frond or split reed loop tied around the left zygomatic arch. It is fragile but clean, possible added after much decomposition had occurred or replaced before the cranium was collected.
1897.09.0003 YA-MA M No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No obvious decoration present that is distinguishable from taphonomic modifications
1897.09.0004 YA M Yes X No No Yes No Decoration consists of a single frond loop tied around the right zygomatic. Possibly palm, darkened, dry and brittle.
1897.09.0005 YA F No X No Yes No No Decoration is limited to possible small spots or patches of trace red pigment on right parietal.
1897.09.0006 MA-OA M Yes X No Yes No No Decoration consists of a dark red pigment wash or staining on anterior frontal, temporals, occipital, maxilla and mandible.
1897.09.0007 OA F Yes? X No Yes? No No Presence of decoration is not certain. It is possible that the darker reddish brown staining on the left zygo, lateral left frontal, parietal, temporal and mandible due to pigment once being present. Also could be taphonomic.
1897.09.0008 MA M Yes X No Yes No No Flecks of ochre colored and brighter reddish-pink material on right mastoid and zygo in among tissue and preserved organic residues. Right orbital margin also stained reddish brown.
1897.09.0009 YA-MA M No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No obvious decoration present that is distinguishable from taphonomic modifications
1897.09.0010 YA-MA M? Yes X No Yes No Yes Decoration consists of traces of red pigment on right temporal and parietal, as well as small patches of short curly dark brown hair (some dyed red due to residual pigment) on right parietal, right occipital near temporal and left temporal above ear canal. Some teeth exhibit labial, buccal or lingual black staining.
1897.09.0011 MA-OA M Yes? X No Yes No No Decoration limited to possible reddish-orange staining or discoloration in many areas, including more solidly on the occipital, right temporal and parietal, and patches elsewhere. Might be taphonomy related.
1897.09.0012 YA F? Yes X No Yes No No Decoration limited to traces of a reddish-pink pigment (lighter in color than ochre) present on the right temporal, parietal, left parietal near mid-temporal suture, and on posterior sagittal. A darker reddish-brown non-descript stain present on mid-frontal. Left side of skull is darker in color than the rest, but likely due to depositional position.
1897.09.0013 YA F Yes? X No Yes No No Decoration is not certain, but it is possible that both zygomatics bear traces of red pigment, with possible traces of pigment staining elsewhere (mandible, maxilla).
1897.09.0014 YA F? No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No obvious decoration present that is distinguishable from taphonomic modifications
1897.09.0015 YA F Yes X No Yes No No Decoration limited to two very small spots of relatively bright red pigment remaining on the surface; left and right temporal-parietal suture.
1897.09.0016 OC Indt Yes X No No Yes No Decoration limited to two loops of twisted fronds (reeds?), one each around both zygomatic arches.
1897.09.0017 OA M No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No obvious decoration present that is distinguishable from taphonomic modifications
1897.09.0018 YA F? Yes X No No Yes No Decoration limited to two loops of dried frond or reed, tied one each around both zygomatic arches. Areas of the cranium show deep red staining, but this is not certain to be due to decoration.
1897.09.0019 YA-MA M No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No obvious decoration present that is distinguishable from taphonomic modifications
1897.09.0020 YA M No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No obvious decoration present that is distinguishable from taphonomic modifications
1897.09.0021 MA M No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No obvious decoration present that is distinguishable from taphonomic modifications
1897.09.0022 YA M Yes X No Yes No Yes Minimal decoration, limited to the dark red staining on the right fronto-parietal and zygo mentioned in the taphonomy table (unclear as to its origins). Small patch of lighter red residue or pigment on left mastoid near suture as well. Labial surface of left max canine is stained betel black, but no other teeth are.
1897.09.0023 YA-MA M Yes X No No Yes No Decoration cosists of two small loops of dried palm frond or leaf, one tied around each zygomatic arch. Possible patchy traces of dark red pigment or ochre right mid-parietal, but more likely related to discoloration postmortem.
1897.09.0024 YA F Yes X No Yes No No Decoration consists of small flecks of dark-medium red pigment on right zygomatic, right frontal at sphenoid suture and superior mid-temporal. Traces of matted hair present at fronto-sphenoid suture as well. Buccal and/or lingual surfaces of in situ teeth stained betel black. Slightly reddish coloration underlying the generally dark brown appearance of the maxilo-facial and mandible could be due to residual staining from pigment.
1897.09.0025 YA M No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No obvious decoration present that is distinguishable from taphonomic modifications, with the exception of dark black shiny staining on labial/buccal surfaces of most teeth (betel nut?)
1897.09.0026 YA M No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No obvious decoration present that is distinguishable from taphonomic modifications. Reddish organge light staining on the frontal possibly and darker red staining on buccal mandible possibly residual decoration, but not clear.
1897.09.0027 YA F? No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No obvious decorations present that is distinguishable from taphonomic modifications.
1897.09.0028 MA M No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No obvious decorations present that is distinguishable from taphonomic modifications.
1897.09.0029 YA M No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No obvious decorations present that is distinguishable from taphonomic modifications. Possible very faint writing traces on left temporal.
1897.09.0030 OC Indt Yes X No No Yes No Decoration is limited to two tied loops (reed?), one around right zygo arch, the other through left orbit.
1897.09.0031 YA-MA F? No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No obvious decorations present that is distinguishable from taphonomic modifications.
1897.09.0032 MA-OA M No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No obvious decorations present that is distinguishable from taphonomic modifications.
1897.09.0033 YA M No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No obvious decorations present that is distinguishable from taphonomic modifications (with the exception of buccal/labial betel nut staining).
1897.09.0034 YA M Yes X No Yes No Yes Decoration limited to an area of light-medium red pigment staining on the frontal at bregma. Two small patches of hair remain in-situ on the occipital.
1897.09.0035 MA M Yes X No Yes No No Decoration limited to residual medium-dark red pigment on the left zygomatic, maxilla, and in bands on the frontal. Pigment present on maxilla, left zygo and anterior max tooth roots is visible enough to potentially sample.
1897.09.0036 MA-OA M Yes X No Yes No Yes Decoration at least comprises a small patch of relatively bright red pigment on the right mid-frontal at temporal suture, as well as a larger area on the right parietal. Much of the vault, frontal, maxilla, teeth, and mandible are also stained black. Traces of hair present in areas on the left parietal, left mandible, right maxilla, zygo and frontal (one, a patch on the left parietal and occipital, also exhibiting red pigment). Traces of possible wood or other unidentified plant material also present on right lateral frontal.
1897.09.0037 MA-OA M Yes X No No Yes No Decoration is limited to a small loop of twisted rope, dark brown and possibly stained, included in this box loose in a bag.
1897.09.0038 YA F No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No obvious decorations present that is distinguishable from taphonomic modifications
1897.09.0039 YA F? No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No obvious decorations present that is distinguishable from taphonomic modifications
1897.09.0040 YA-MA M No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No obvious decorations present that is distinguishable from taphonomic modifications
1897.09.0041 YA-MA M No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No obvious decorations present that is distinguishable from taphonomic modifications
1897.09.0042 OA M Yes X No No Yes Yes Decoration is limited to a small loop of reed or frond tied around the right zygo arch. Labial and buccal surfaces of many teeth stained black from betel nut use.
1897.09.0043 MA-OA M No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No obvious decorations present that is distinguishable from taphonomic modifications
1897.09.0044 C Indt No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No obvious decorations present that is distinguishable from taphonomic modifications
1897.09.0045 YA M? Yes X No Yes Yes No Decoration consists of reddish-orange pigment adhering to the cranial vault in several locations, including left and right posterior frontal and anterior parietals, left posterior parietal, temporal and occipital. Also, one loop of dried palm frond or leaf is tied around the left zygomatic.
Tab 3
Parkinson Collection Taphonomy Assessment
ID# Age Class Sex Postmortem breaking? Animal damage? Insect traces? Soil? Roots? Tissue? Staining? Spalding? Bleaching? Weathering? Polishing? Notes
1897.09.0001 YA F? Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Skull is predominately a light tan-white color, with areas of darker reddish-brown on both parietals, occipital, lingual mandible, both temporals. Mandibular border is polished. Lateral right orbit, zygomatic, portion of maxilla, superior nasal border, lacrimal bones, and maxillary alveolus at rUPM1, rUC and lUC all missing post-mortem. rUI2, lLM1, rLM2, and rLM3 all show post-mortem breakage or missing enamel. Light grey soil residue in orbits, palate, nasal, basicranium, auditory canals, but darker soil present in places on the mandible. Roots and root traces present in orbits, nasal, basicranial foramen, and many endocranially. Teeth minimally-moderately stained otherwise. Small patches of surface exfoliation on occipital.
1897.09.0002 OA M No No No Yes Yes Yes No No No No No Very little soil (in orbits and elsewhere), slight black organic staining (right temporal), very few roots, faint polishing on mandibular border, substantial amount of dried blackened tissue remains on basicranium. Mandible and maxilla slightly darker in color than the tannish-yellow vault.
1897.09.0003 YA-MA M Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes Jaws glued together, mandibular border polished. Light grey soil wash in orbits, nasal, ears, basicranium, palate, foramen magnum. Roots present in these areas. Skull color ranges from tannish yellow to medium-dark brown, mottled overall with dark brown and white organic staining in areas. Very small areas of postmortem breakage on mandibular anterior alveolus, left zygomatic, lateral left mandibular condyle.
1897.09.0004 YA M Yes Yes? No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Generally dirty and mottled in appearance, tending towards darker brown/tan, but mandible is lighter colored. Soil residue is ligh-moderate, present across much of the basicranium, orbits, palate, mandible (filling most mandibular crypts), along with many small roots and rootlets. Small area of surface spalding on R. parietal near occipital. Left zygo arch lost postmortem, as well as buccal anterior max alveolus, superior nasal border, possible tooth puncture to right zygo just lateral of infraorbital foramen.
1897.09.0005 YA F Yes Yes? No Yes No No No Yes Yes? Yes Yes Skull is predominately clean, smooth, and tannish-yellow, grading towards reddish-orange on parietals and occipital. Right zygo arch, posterior zygo border, lateral tip of right mandibular condyle lost postmortem with clear weathering and spalding along edges of missing bone. Right lateral frontal, right and left parietal and temporal and right mandibular ramii all show a yellow-white coloration, spalding, possible bleaching. Light grey soil in orbits, nasal, sphenoid, otherwise clean. Small possible tooth puncture through middle of right temporal; narrow, approx. 7.8mm long. Mandible border lightly polished.
1897.09.0006 MA-OA M Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Skull is mottled and variable in color, not just due to red staining in several areas (see deco table). Postmortem damage in several areas including zygomatic arches, left posterior maxillary alveolus, right auditory canal and mastoid process, anterior madibular alveolus, left ramus (lost postmortem), right mandibular condyle (partially broken), posterior zygomatic edge (exposed bone shows weathering), occipital condyles. Teeth lightly-moderately stained. Dark grey soil residue present on occipital (with darker staining on top of red staining), in orbits, nasal, palate, basicranum, mandible, and patches of organic staining elsewhere. Numerous roots present endocranially, in basicranial foramena, nasal, sphenoid, orbits. Left spheno-frontal-temporal border region is lightest in color and appears brittle.
1897.09.0007 OA F No No No Yes Yes No Yes No No No No Skull relatively clean with light soil residue in orbits, nasal, maxilla, and darker residue on mandible, left and right parietals and temporals, left zygomatic. Small patch of residual hair just above right mastoid process. Teeth stained and worn in addition to calc. Very minimal roots. Most of skull a clean tan-yellow in color.
1897.09.0008 MA M No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No Yes Skull relatively uniform tan-yellow in color where bone is exposed, but also heavily stained in many areas with black, white and brown organic residue (possibly wood and/or soot), and preserved tissue still adhering in the orbits, nasal, zygos, and basicranium. Adhering soil especially on the maxilla, sphenoid, basicranium, ear canals, and teeth (staining separate from calc), is medium-light grey, but traces of dark grey-black soil also present. Light handling/storage polishing on mandibular border. Very few roots. Very large clump of soil or possibly dural matter preserved endocranially, still connected to endocranial surface by roots or dried tissue.
1897.09.0009 YA-MA M Yes Yes? No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Skull relatively clean with very minimal soil residue and only a few rootlets in the orbits and basicranium. Relatively uniform tannish-brown in color with darker areas of reddish-brown on frontal, right parietal, maxilla. Much of face, left side of cranium, mandible (especially anterior), edge of right frontal, posterior parietals and occipital show mottled bleaching and weathering with surface spalding, cracking, and weathering of exposed bone. Possible gnawing marks to right zygo arch.
1897.09.0010 YA-MA M? Yes No Yes Yes Yes No Yes No No No No Skull relatively clean and uniform tan-yellow in color save for large patches of dark black staining with possible residual organic residue or tissue seen on right lateral frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital edge and left temporal/parietal border; the same areas in which hair and trace decoration is present. Dried tissue on right zygomatic (corresponding zygo arch lost postmortem w/weathering of exposed bone). Traces of lighter grey or white soil or organic residue present elsewhere on skull and lateral right mandible. Rootlets in left ear canal, small tan colored insect casings present in right ear canal, TMJ fossa, inferior sphenoid.
1897.09.0011 MA-OA M Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes? Yes Skull is relatively clean and uniform light yellowish-white, with darker coloring towards posterior, the mandible a darker brown on the buccal surface and ramii (with polishing on the posterior border and a small area of polishing lateral of rLM2 crypt). Non-descript areas of light reddish-orange staining or dried bone due to weathering in several spots, but faint. Light grey soil in orbits, nasal, sphenoid and basicranium, along with roots and rootlets. Clear gnaw marks on inferior edge of left zygo arch.
1897.09.0012 YA F? No No No Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes Skull is relatively clean and a uniform tan-yellow in color with only slight mottling or staining. Roots and a light-grey soil wash are minimal; mostly in or on the orbits, nasal, maxilla, sphenoid, and left posterior mandible (dirtier and darker in color than the rest of the mandible).
1897.09.0013 YA F Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Skull generally a uniform light tan with patches of darker coloration, dirt and staining in various locations. Skull moderately dirty with residual grey soil and roots on the maxilla, basicranium, ears, mandible, and mostly filling right orbit. Light staining and discoloration elsewhere. Two small spots on the frontal where lighter bone is exposed below the patinaed surface. Teeth moderately stainined but not the deep black suggestive of betel nut use.
1897.09.0014 YA F? No No No Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes? Yes Skull is relatively dirty, with medium-grey soil adhering in many locations (orbits, basicranium, nasal, occipital, left side, ears, etc.). Many roots present in orbits, nasal, ears, basicranium. Skull is mottled in color, lighter tan on frontal, vault, left lingual mandible, darker or stained elsewhere. Possible surface weathering or minor spalding on right parietal. Small patches elsewhere. Minor polishing on posterior mandibular border and on occipital bun.
1897.09.0015 YA F Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes Yes Skull is mottled and variable in color, but more medium-dark brown than lighter tan or "natural bone" color. Roots and root tracks in many locations but relativly little soil or adhering residue. Surface weathering on right parietal. rUI1 broken at CEJ postmortem, root remains in socket. Polishing on posterior mandibular border and left buccal surface.
1897.09.0016 OC Indt Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Skull relatively clean with very minimal dark black soil and one visible root. Color is mottled from light tan to darker brownish-red, with splotchy staining in numerous areas. Surface spalding and weathering also present in many locations, especially the frontal, parietals, left temporal, left mandibular ramii. Left side of the skull, especially the left side, is lighter in color than the right.
1897.09.0017 OA M Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes Skull is very heavy and very uniformly tan-brown, with slightly darker staining in areas, small black marks on the frontal and mandible, minimal soil. The two worn teeth are heavily stained. Posterior mandible border slightly polished. Minimal soil, minimal roots.
1897.09.0018 YA F? No No No Yes No No Yes Yes No No Yes Skull is relatively clean with minimal soil and no visible roots. Mottled coloring with areas of deep red and other areas of lighter red mixed with tannish-brown. Postmortem breaking limited to slight max anterior alveolus damage. Small spots of surface spalding in many areas revealing lighter bone. Teeth stained but not blackened. Small areas of organic residue (possibly decomposed wood) on right zygo and mastoid.
1897.09.0019 YA-MA M No No Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes No No Yes Skull is relatively clean with minimal soil and roots in both orbits, nasal, sphenoid and basicranium. Color is relatively uniform light mottled tan-brown with light reddish orange staining on right frontal, right parietal, mandible, right zygo, darker staining and mottling elsewhere. Buccal and lingual surfaces of most mandibular teeth stained almost black, but not neccessarily due to betel nut use.
1897.09.0020 YA M Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No No Yes? No Skull is relatively clean with minimal soil and roots in both orbits, nasal, sphenoid and basicranium and endocranially. Color is relatively uniform light mottled tan-brown with light grey staining in places. Right zygo, temporal, most parietal, right occipital are stained a dark red-brown (probably from iron or manganese). Areas of postmortem breakage to both alveoli, nasal sill, left zygomatic. Mandibular condyles much lighter white in color, possibly bleached.
1897.09.0021 MA M No No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Skull is intact and mottled, ranging in color from light tan to darker reddish-brown. Very minimal medium-grey soil in patches, with roots only present in the orbits, basicranium (minimal) and root traces on the palate. Small patches of weathering and spalding in several location, with the most continuous extent being on the vault near bregma. Right zygo arch off-center at suture.
1897.09.0022 YA M No No No Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes Skull is intact with postmortem bone loss limited to small fenestrations in the maxillary alveolus. Skull is a slightly mottled light tannish-white, with a slightly darker mandible and darker patches, but very little residual soil. Roots present in both orbitals, sphenoid and basicranium and endocranially. A large patch of the right fronto-temporal region and right zygomatic are stained a dark red with lighter reddish-brown staining elsewhere on maxilla and left zygo. Light polishing on the posterior mandibular border. Minor pitting or shallow cutting elsewhere on right parietal, of unknown etymology.
1897.09.0023 YA-MA M No No No Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes Skull is intact, with postmortem bone loss only represented by small fenestrations in left anterior maxillary alveolus. Roots present only in the right orbit and sphenoid with the right ear canal filled with soil traces on the buccal (and right lingual) surfaces of the mandible. Marked color gradiant divides skull, with occipital, right side, face until left infra-orbital foramena a darker purple-red (possibly from iron or manganese). Remaining surface area is light tannish-yellow with patchy darker staining and traces of white residue on inferior left mid-parietal. Mandible is more uniformly darker red in color, suggesting more complete contact with soil so a thin dark red crust develops areas. Posterior mandibular border polished in spots.
1897.09.0024 YA F No No Yes Yes No No Yes No No No No Skull is intact, shows no handling/storage polishing, and is relatively uniform in color, ranging from tan-brown towards posterior to darker brown anteriorly and on the face and mandible. Spider webbing present in nasal and left jugular region. Aside from very few very small rootlets, no roots or root traces present. Light traces of a medium-dark grey soil present in various locations, but more noticeable staining is a patchy darker black on right zygo, frontal, both parietals and right anterior temporal, with staining overlain in areas by an organic residue or crust and the hair and pigment mentioned in the deco table. The crust does not appear to resemble dried tissue.
1897.09.0025 YA M Yes No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes Yes Generally uniform medium-light tan-brown in color, with darker patches of staining, mottled grey-white organic residue, roots (very minimal, in nasal; on right parietal), dark black and medium grey soil in orbits, nasal, right parietal and trace on mandible and teeth. Right frontal and parietal/frontal border region somewhat lighter (light tan); possible early-stage bleaching? Dried tissue present in basicranium, in sphenoid. Right zygo arch missing (broken ends weathered), left zygo arch shows weathering of inferior surface. Small patch of surface spalding on right orbit.
1897.09.0026 YA M Yes No No Yes No No Yes No No Yes Yes Skull is generally a uniform tan in color, with lighter (tannish-white) and darker (medium brown) in areas. Postmortem damage includes: small piece missing from superior right zygo arch, most of right mastoid process missing, damage to both anterior alveolii, breaking and weathering of the mandibular condyles and tips of ramii. Light residue of medium grey soil on frontal, occipital, palate, basicranium, mandible/mand alveolus, with more soil present in orbits, ear canals, and areas of basicranium. No roots to speak of. Mandibular posterior border polish.
1897.09.0027 YA F? No No No Yes Yes No No No No No Yes Skull is generally a uniform nut brown in color with little variation or mottling but some evidece for possible root traces, with visible roots in the orbits, nasal, palate, basicranium. Minimal adhering sandy grey soil; teeth lightly stained with soil as well. No visible insect or animal damage. No postmortem breakage. Mandibular posterior border polish.
1897.09.0028 MA M Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes No Yes? No Yes Skull is mottled, from light tan to a darker reddish-brown, but no obvious decoration. Grey soil wash across most of the skull and mandible and adhering soil is the orbits, basicranium, zygomatics. Substantial postmorted damage; cracked through right frontal, right temporal loose, right zygo arch missing, anterior alveoli damaged, right gonial corner missing. Roots in basicranium, nasal and orbits. Much lighter coloration on palate, basicranium, and right lingual mandible could be signs of bleaching. Mandibular posterior border lightly polished
1897.09.0029 YA M Yes No No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Skull is relatively clean with only traces of soil, organic residue and relatively minimal roots. Skull is mottled in color, with right posterior frontal, parietal, temporal/mastoid, right buccal mandible and all lingual mandible are natural bone color (light tan). Other areas are stained a uniform darker brown. Many areas, especially frontal, maxillo-facial, maxilla, right parietal and occipital show patchy spalding with weathering of underlying exposed bone, sometimes deep enough to expose cancellous bone. Residue and areas of spalding on left buccal mandible also. Postmortem breaking of mandible (glued together) at area of left M1/M2 interproximal area towards posterior. Spalding and postmortem breakage to several teeth (roots and enamel) as well. Light polishing of the posterior mandible border.
1897.09.0030 OC Indt Yes No No Yes No No Yes Yes Yes? Yes Yes Skull is mostly a uniform dark brownish-red, with lighter mottling especially left parietal, maxilla. Skull is fragmentary, with left temporal and parietal loose (parietal in two pieces). Substantial surface exfoliation and spalding on those pieces and elsewhere (orbits, basicranium, zygo arch, etc.) with areas of white bone on right posterior maxilla, left mandibular ramii, and along edges of breaks, suggesting at least some bleaching and weathering. Left zygo arch missing, broken edge weathered, left mastoid surface worn off, right orbit roof is friable and broken. No roots and minimal soil (light residue of medium-dark grey soil, especially on vault). Possible bleaching on basicranium, palate, occipital. Traces of white organic residue on left maxilla and orbit. Mandibular posterior border lightly polished.
1897.09.0031 YA-MA F? No No No No Yes No Yes Yes No No No Skull is uneven in color, ranging from tan-yellow (natural bone) color on frontal, maxilla, mandible, vault, to darker nut brown on the supra-orbitals, zygos, parietals, temporals, and elsewhere on the mandible. Very minimal soil or residue, and teeth moderately stained by soil or a black organic residue (not necessarily betel nut staining). Roots in the orbits, nasal, and basicranium. Root traces or stains on the parietals. Small patches of spalding or surface exfoliation on right parietal and temporal.
1897.09.0032 MA-OA M Yes? No No Yes Yes No No No No No Yes Skull is a relatively uniform tan-light brown, mottled slightly darker in places. Relatively minimal light grey sandy-gravel soil present in places, especially left orbit and superior surface of posterior zygo arch. Large section of posterior right parietal broken off postmortem (not clearly connected to perimortem trauma). A section of superior occipital, the lambdoid corner of the left parietal and the left mandibular condyle also broken off or fractured postmortem. A small piece of occiptal (nuchal region) present loose in a bag, but does not belong to this individual. Radial fractures extending into the mid-right parietal. Teeth heavily stained by soil, not betel nut use.
1897.09.0033 YA M No No No Yes Yes No No No No No Yes Skull is a relatively uniform medium reddish-brown, but mottled and lighter tan to "natural bone" color in places, such as sections of frontal and vault, maxilla, lingual left mandible. Light organic black residue on left parietal and right mandibular ramus. Residual light grey sandy-gravel on basicranium, maxilla, orbits, left mastoid, and left mandible. Minimal roots present in basicranium and nasal. Betel black staining on most in situ teeth.
1897.09.0034 YA M No No No Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes Skull is a relatively uniform light tan color but stained and mottled in places. Some staining is from pigment, the majority is darker organic residue, lighter grey soil, or a darker red-purple discoloration on the occipital and right temporal, probably due to soil mineral staining. Remaining teeth stained postmortem by soil and residue. Rootlets present in nasal cavity; adhering soil in left orbit. Mandibular posterior border shows polishing.
1897.09.0035 MA M No No No Yes No No Yes Yes No No Yes Skull is mottled in color, ranging from light natural bone to darker nut brown to darker reddish-brown on the right occipital/parietal and face (but the faceial discoloration could be due to residual pigment). Very minimal soil and roots present, with heaviest traces of residue on the orbits, left maxilla, and right occipital/parietal. Teeth are stained by soil but not betel blackened. Patches of weathering or missing bone visible in both orbits.
1897.09.0036 MA-OA M Yes No No Yes No No Yes No No No No Skull underlying the black staining residue and areas of red decoration is a uniform light natural bone color. No weathering, bleaching, or visible roots, but very dirty overall. Slight postmortem damage to superior nasal sill.
1897.09.0037 MA-OA M Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes No Skull in a mottled medium-dark brown-red, stained with brown or black residue in numerous places, and with soil medium grey soil or soil residue in numerous location (basicranium, maxilla, mandible, open crypts, orbits, and nasal). Only a very few rootlets visible. Numerous areas of postmortem damage, including a missing right zygo arch, missing bone in the orbital roofs, missing left gonial corner of mandible and slight damage to the nasal sill. Slight evidence of gnawing (small rodent?) on the edge of the supraorbital notch in the right orbit. Numerous small areas of surface spalding and weathering of the exposed bone can be seen on both parietals, temporals, right maxilla, right mandibular ramus edge. Adhering residue with possible fibre or hair is present on the lateral right ramus.
1897.09.0038 YA F Yes No No Yes Yes No No No No No No Skull is a relatively uniform tan-yellow in color (slightly darker brownish-red on the maxilla and occipital) and relatively clean, with very little adhering soil, soil wash, or other organic residue, and very few roots. Both zygo arches, the anterior maxillary alveolus, edges of the nasal sill, and both lacrimae are lost or damaged postmortem. A few small pits observable in the occipital near foramen magnum. They are isolated and appear to be postmortem.
1897.09.0039 YA F? No No No Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes Skull is relatively very clean with very little adhering soil or roots. It is mottled in coloration but tan-medium brown in general, with a darker reddish-brown on the occipital and left posterior parietal. Small patches of darker black residue on frontal and the traces of a possible leaf once stuck to the craniul on the right parietal at coronal suture. Mandible posterior border is polished.
1897.09.0040 YA-MA M No No No Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes Skull is relatively uniform tannish-yellow, but mottled slightly darker or lighter in places (but not bleached), with orange-ish staining on right maxilla and zygo and darker red-purple on the left occipital and mastoid (manganese staining?). Very little soil and few roots. Mandible and max glued together. Mandibular posterior border lightly polished. Left zygo broken off postmortem and glued back on off-centre.
1897.09.0041 YA-MA M Yes No No No Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Skull is relatively very clear with no/very little soil or adhering residue, and few roots. Skulls is two-tone in color; mostly a mottled darker reddish-brown, but lighter mottled light brown-tan "natural bone" color primarily on the left maxilla, orbit, frontal, parietal, and even lighter tan-white (but not bleached) on the palate, basicranium, and nuchal crest. Small patches on the right parietal show surface exfoliation where the darker red has flaked away to lighter bone beneath. Two small shallow postmortem cuts (from tools?) on frontal. Postmortem bone loss and associated weathering of the broken edges seen on max alveolus, both zygo arches, most of both occipital condyles, edges of foramen magnum. Mandibular posterior border lightly polished.
1897.09.0042 OA M No No No Yes Yes No No Yes No No Yes Skull is relatively clean with minimal dark-medium grey soil or soil residue (ears, sphenoid, orbits, nasal, basicranium, maxilla, mandible), and relatively few roots (primarily in the orbits). Skull is mottled in color, primarily a medium-dark reddish-brown with areas of ligther "natural bone" color on left maxilla, orbit, parietal, vault, and mandible. Small spots of white organic residue on left parietal and a few spots of surface exfoliation/spaulding on the nuchal crest, right occipital, and both parietals. Mandibular posterior border lightly polished.
1897.09.0043 MA-OA M Yes Yes? No Yes Yes No Yes Yes No Yes Yes Skull is mottled in color, ranging from light natural bone to darker reddish-brown. Numerous areas of postmortem damage with associated weathering of exposed bone, including: anterior and left maxillary alveolus, left zygo arch, a portion of the left basicranium extended from the foramen magnum border/occipital condyle to the petrous portion, medial half of the mastoid process, and a portion of the occipital. Both mandibular condyles are wholly or partially missing, right occipital condyle partially removed, and tips of the coronoid processes also weathered. Numerous areas of surface spalding across the skull, including the left orbit and supraorbit, left temporal, right temporal, right frontal, right parietal, occipital and mandible. Gauge from a possible animal tooth (canine?) on right buccal mandible at M1 crypt. Possible tooth puncture into tip of right mastoid process. Mandibular posterior border lightly polished, and a possible cupric stain present on posterior border at gnathion. lLM2 is loose in a bag.
1897.09.0044 C Indt No No No No Yes No Yes Yes Yes? Yes No Skull is mottled in color, ranging from dark reddish-purple to lighter reddish-brown to a lighter natural bone color on the basicranium and mandible, with small areas of bright white bone also on the lingual mandibular surface that may be bleached. With the exception of rUPM1 (some black organic staining), teeth are very clean. Skull is also relatively clean, with minimal adhering grey soil and roots (endocranium, basicranium, nasal, orbits). Individual is juvenile and bone is generally thin, friable and fragile. Spots of spalding and surface weathering across the vauld, but especially noticeable on posterior parietals, occipital, and mandible.
1897.09.0045 YA M? No No No Yes Yes No Yes No No No Yes Skull is relatively clean, with very little soil, residue or roots, but color is mottled, ranging from light tan-light brown natural bone color seen on the face, palate, most of basicranium, frontal, and a darker greyish-red on the parietals, left temporal and occipital (probably manganese stating and/or staining from once-more heavily applied red pigment). No traces of insect or animal damage. Two small postmortem scrapes to the surface of the frontal, exposing lighter tan-white bone. Mandible in the box does not belong to this individual.
Tab 4
Parkinson Collection Trauma and Pathology Assessment
ID# Age Class Sex Trauma? Timing? BFT? SFT? Cut/Chop? Osteoma? Other? Location? Osseous pathology? Teeth present? Teeth condition? Caries? Calc? Abscess? LEH? Periodontitis? Chipping? Notes
1897.09.0001 YA F? No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No Y Good No Yes No Yes No Yes UI1 shows several LEH bands, lUI2, mandibular first molars show antemortem chipping.
1897.09.0002 OA M Yes? Antemort Yes No No No No L. frontal Yes Y Poor No Yes Yes? N/A Yes N/A Possible 30mm diagonal shallow healed BFT on left frontal. Bilateral pitting on edge of mandibular fossa but not condyles. Possible age related pitting on occipital and parietals. Only rUM1 in situ, moderate calc and staining. All other crypts show postmortem damage, antemortem closing, and severe periodontal pitting and retreat. Possible abcesses in all visible molar crypts.
1897.09.0003 YA-MA M No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No Y Moderate No Yes No No No No No obvious trauma or osseous pathology. Mandible and maxilla glued together, so assessing all occlusal surfaces of caries is not possible, but wear is generally moderate (more severe in the maxilla). Calculus is significant on all maxillary posterior dentition; mandibular dentition much cleaner.
1897.09.0004 YA M No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No Y Poor No No? No N/A Yes Yes No obvious trauma or osseous pathology. Most teeth except UM1s, UM2s, lLM1, and rLM3 lost postmortem. Remaining teeth more stained with soil than displaying calculus; all heavily worn occlussaly with some ante or postmortem chipping or breakage on enamel edges. Minimal evidence for periostitis.
1897.09.0005 YA F No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No Y Good No Yes No Yes No No No obvious trauma or osseous pathology. Mandible and maxilla glued together, so assessing all occlusal surfaces of caries is not possible, but wear is minimal and faint LEH present on anterior dentition. lUC broken postmortem. Occlusal surfaces of teeth not readilly visible. Calc is very minimal. Alveolus in tact for both arcades.
1897.09.0006 MA-OA M Yes Antemort Yes No No No No L. frontal No Y Moderate No Yes No N/A No Yes? Large antemortem healed BFT on left frontal/parietal border along mid-coronal, approximately 24.3mm long. Likely penetrated through both inner and outer tables (photo!). No other trauma or osseous pathology obvious. Dental pathology is also minimal, limited to minor calculus on many teeth and possible antemortem chipping on the disto-buccal corner of rUM1.
1897.09.0007 OA F No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Yes Y Moderate No Yes Yes N/A Yes? No No obvious trauma, but very severe TMJ osteoarthritic pitting and wear present; both mandibular condyles are worn flat with partial or total trabecular bone exposed. Pitting and wear is visible in both corresponding mandibular fossa, especially severe on the right (almost entire surface shows exposed trabecular bone). Only M2s and M3s remain in situ in the maxilla, moderately to heavily worn, calculus but no caries. Most alveolus is intact with minimal evidence of periodontal disease (pitting or alveolar retreat). However, both M1 crypts largely destroyed by abcesses. Mandibular alveolus also mostly intact with minor periodontal pitting, but possible abcess developing in lLM1, LM3, rLM3.
1897.09.0008 MA M No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No Y Good No Yes No N/A Yes No No obvious trauma or osseous pathology. Remaining teeth are stained but show minimal calc, relatively little occlusal wear. LEH can not be accurately assessed. Minor periodontal pitting especially in left maxillary molar crypts.
1897.09.0009 YA-MA M No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No Y Good No Yes No N/A Yes No No obvious trauma or osseous pathology. Teeth generally clean with minimal calc, no caries, minor periodontal pitting on rLM1 crypt.
1897.09.0010 YA-MA M? No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No Y Poor No Yes No N/A No No No obvious trauma or osseous pathology. Teeth heavily worn and stained so LEH not assessable. No clear caries or periodontal disease.
1897.09.0011 MA-OA M Yes Antemort No No No No Yes R. orbit No Y Poor No Yes Yes? N/A Yes No Trauma consists of a possible crushing fracture to the inferior and lateral right orbit, antemortem and healed, depressing orbital border inferio-laterally. No other obvious osseous pathology. Many teeth lost postmortem, those remaining heavily worn w/calc, postmortem enamel loss, but no open caries. lUPM1 broken postmortem, root remains in crypt. lUM2 lost antemortem, crypt closing; lUM1 possibly exhibits buccal abcess. Both UM3s as well as mandibular molar crypts show moderate periodontal pitting. Possile age related pitting on occipital and parietals.
1897.09.0012 YA F? Yes Antemort? No No No Yes No L. spheno-frontal border; L. lamboid suture No Y Good No Yes No N/A Yes No Trauma is limited to two small button osteomas; exact timing unclear. No obv osseous pathology or dental pathology save for minimal-moderate calculus on most teeth and mild periodontal pitting. Teeth lightly stained.
1897.09.0013 YA F No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No Y Good No Yes No No Yes No No obvious trauma or pathology. Teeth moderately stained but exhibit minimal calc and minimal periodontal pitting (mandibular molar crypts). No caries or visible LEH.
1897.09.0014 YA F? No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No Y Good No Yes No Yes No No No trauma or obvious pathology. Teeth stained and possibly blackened from betel nut, but minimal cacl. Several LEH lines visible on anterior mandibular teeth. Alveolus intact in both arcades with no pitting to speak of.
1897.09.0015 YA F No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No Y Good No No No No Yes? No No obvious trauma or pathology. Teeth lightly stained by residue/soil, but no accumulated calc. Very minor possible periodontal pitting in a few molar crypts. Otherwise good condition overall.
1897.09.0016 OC Indt No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No Y Good No No No Yes Yes? No No obvious trauma or osseous pathology. Teeth present are clean and unworn with no calculus to speak of. Several LEH lines visible on rLI2. Alveolar margin intact in both arcades with very minor pitting.
1897.09.0017 OA M Yes Antemort No No No No Yes R. orbit No Y Poor N/A Yes Yes? N/A Yes N/A Trauma limited to antemortem possible crushing trauma to inferior and lateral right orbital margin. Almost all teeth missing, the two remaining heavily worn, loose, stained, w/calc. Several crypts have closed, the rest open, heavy periodontal pitting.
1897.09.0018 YA F? No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No Y Good No Yes No N/A No No No obvious trauma or pathology. Calculus relatively minimal, alveolar margin intact with no significant periodontitis related pitting. LEH not assessable due to the relevant teeth lost postmortem. Noticeable thinning of right orbital roof. Small bone spur midway along medial edge of posterior left ramus.
1897.09.0019 YA-MA M No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Yes Y Good No Yes Yes N/A Yes Yes No obvious trauma but possible light osteoarth related pitting on right mandibular condyle and corresponding fossa. Teeth show minimal wear except for rLI2, staining, minimal calc, but no caries. Several maxillary crypts show periodontal pitting, and both UPM1s appear to have developing abcesses. Abcess has partially destroyed lateral alveolus at root of rLM1. Mesio-lingual corner of lLM2 chipped off.
1897.09.0020 YA M No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No Y Good No Yes No Yes Yes No No obvious trauma or osseous pathology. Dental pathology limited to minimal calc, minmal periodontal pitting, faint LEH pitting on the rLC.
1897.09.0021 MA M No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No Y Moderate No Yes Yes N/A Yes No No obvious trauma or osseous pathology. Dental pathology includes minimal calc on most remaining teeth, significant periodontal pitting on all exposed molar crypts (much less anteriorly), and a large abcess that has destroyed much of right lateral UM2 alveolus.
1897.09.0022 YA M Yes Antemort Yes? No No Yes No R. parietal/R. frontal No Y Good No Yes No No Yes No Trauma is limited to a small button osteoma and a possible small healed antemortem BFT on lateral mid-frontal, right side. If so, this trauma did not penetrate both cranial tables. No obvious osseous pathology. Dental pathology limited to minimal calculus, notable periodontal pitting on both sides of the posterior maxillary alveolus.
1897.09.0023 YA-MA M Yes Antemort No No No Yes No L. mid-parietal No Y Poor No Yes Yes N/A Yes Yes Trauma is limited to a small button osteoma. No obvious osseous pathology. Dental pathology consists of minimal calculus, moderate staining/blackening, mild periodontal pitting on rLM3 crypt, moderate to severe tooth wear on most teeth (especially the 1st molars), and both buccal and lingual abcesses at the distal roots of rLM1.
1897.09.0024 YA F No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No Y Good No Yes No N/A No No No obvious trauma or pathology. Calculus relatively minimal, alveolar margin intact with no significant periodontitis related pitting. LEH not assessable due to the relevant teeth lost postmortem and those remaining heavily stained betel black.
1897.09.0025 YA M No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No Y Good No Yes No N/A No No No obvious trauma or osseous pathology. Teeth are all present (except lLC), minimally worn, with intact alveolar margins. LEH not assessable due to dark black (betel nut?) staining. Minimal calc.
1897.09.0026 YA M No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Yes? Y Good No No No N/A Yes No No obvious trauma. Osseous pathology might be present via what could be light periosteal remodeling and woven bone in a small area on the right parietal near occipital. All teeth in situ are molars. No calc to speak of (but soil present), LEH not assessable, alveolar margins in tact, minor periodontal pitting in rLM2 and M3 crypts, less so in the rUPM crypts.
1897.09.0027 YA F? Yes? N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Yes? Y Moderate No Yes No Yes Yes No No obvious trauma, except for a possible healed fracture to the left mastoid tip. No obvious osseous pathology. Teeth are in generally good condition with minimal calc but moderate occlusal wear on the anterior dentition and M1s. Alveolar retreat and minor pitting on right max molar region, less so for left mandibular molar alveolus. LEH lines faintly visible on a few anterior teeth. Very minor pitting on posterior parietals and occipital.
1897.09.0028 MA M No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Yes? Y Poor Yes? Yes Yes Yes Yes No No obvious trauma. Osseous pathology possibly present via visible pitting on occipital and posterior parietals. Many teeth missing; all right max molars lost antemortem (crypts closing), abcess destroying lLM1 crypt, periodontal disease visible in right-side max crypts. Caries possible in occlusal lUM3, lLM3, moderate wear and calc on most teeth.
1897.09.0029 YA M No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Yes Y Moderate Yes Yes No N/A Yes No No obvious trauma. Distinct osseous pathology limited to two small patches of possible-OA related pitting bilaterally on the root of the zygo arch, but not within the mandibular fossae themselves. Condyles are unaffected. Most teeth are present, but all anterior maxillary dentition, lUPM2, rUM2, lLC-rLI2 and rLPMI and rLPM2 all lost postmortem. Tooth wear is mixed; moderate in general with at least pin-prick dentine exposure on all teeth. lLPM1, PM2 and M1 with marked occlusal caries. Several teeth show postmortem enamel loss, but not diet-related chipping. Generally mild periodontal pitting in both dentition. Fenestrations in maxillary alveolus but no abcesses.
1897.09.0030 OC Indt No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Yes? Y Good No No No Yes No No No obvious trauma. Pathology not present except for a possible small area of woven bone on mid-right frontal. Teeth and alveolii are in good condition, generally clean and unworn, no calc or periodontitis. lLPM1 glued in backwards.
1897.09.0031 YA-MA F? No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Yes Y Moderate No Yes No Yes Yes No No obvious trauma, but trauma (or pathology) possibly represented by the generally uneven, slightly pitted surface of the frontal and left parietal). Possibly healed lesions? Teeth mostly present, minimal to moderate wear (heavier on mandibular dentition). Calc of at least score 1 present on most teeth. No obvious caries or fully formed abcesses, but periodontal disease suggested across entire arcade (pitting and alveolar recession). Lateral rUM1 crypt and mandibular molar alveolus especially. Light but open cribra orbitalia in both orbits (pitting w/some possible healing, as opposed to spicules). Possible osteoarth pitting on both mandibular fossa and center of right mandibular condyle.
1897.09.0032 MA-OA M No? N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Yes Y Moderate No Yes No N/A No Yes Postmortem breakage not obviously due to trauma. Very minor pitting in both mandibular fossa. Substantial pitting and discoloration of the mid-palate (cause?). Mid-mod tooth wear and staining in both arcades, but not betel nut related. Score 1-2 calc present on most teeth but alveolii intact (minor pitting on max lUPM2 and M3 crypts. Many teeth show antemortem chipping.
1897.09.0033 YA M No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No Y Good No Yes No N/A No No No obvious pathology or trauma. Teeth in good condition with minimal wear or calc, no visible pathology and intact alveolii across both arcades. Anterior teeth missing so LEH unassessable and lateral surface of premolars and molars obscured by betel staining.
1897.09.0034 YA M No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Yes? Y Good No Yes No N/A No No No obvious trauma. Possible pathology limited to pronounced pitting of the periosteal surface of the right posterior parietal. Teeth are minimally worn, stained but with no visible caries, very minimal periodontal pitting, no alveolar regression.
1897.09.0035 MA M Yes? Antemort Yes No No No No L. parietal Yes? Y Good No Yes No No No No Trauma possibly represented by a small unitabular healed BFT on mid-left parietal. Pathology not present except for small possible patches of faint pitting on mandibular fossa. Teeth are stained, with minimal calc, very minimal periodontal pitting, but moderate alveolar regression across both arcades.
1897.09.0036 MA-OA M Yes Antemort No No No Yes No L. parietal Yes? Y Moderate No Yes Yes N/A No No Trauma limited to a small osteoma on the left parietal near saggital suture midpoint. Osseous pathology possibly present in the small areas of pitting seen on the mandibular fossa (but not on condyles). Teeth are moderately worn, worst on the M1s. No obvious caries, minimal periodontal disease or alveolar regression, moderate calc and staining. Abcesses present or forming at the distal roots of both LM1s. rLM3 lost antemortem with crypt closure. rUM3 possibly congenitally absent.
1897.09.0037 MA-OA M No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Yes? Y Poor No Yes Yes N/A Yes Yes No obvious trauma. Osseous pathology possibly present via slight visible pitting and corrosion in both mandibular fossa (but could be taphonomic). In situ teeth are relatively heavily stained, chipped and worn, with score 1 calc visible on the molars especially. rUM2 lost antemortem, crypt closed. All teeth posterior to lUPM1 lost ante- or postmortem with crypts closing and possible abcess damage to UPM2/UM1 crypt. lLM3 lost antemortem, crypt open, possibly due to abcess. lLPM1 glued into canine crypt, lLC, LI2, LI1, rLI2, LPM2 lost postmortem. Alveolar margins intact but show substantial recession and minor periodontal pitting.
1897.09.0038 YA F No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Yes? Y Moderate No Yes No Yes Yes No No obvious trauma. Osseous pathology possible present via slight visible pitting and corrosion in both mandibular fossa (but could be taphonomic). In situ teeth are moderately worn but lack caries or abcesses, and the alveolar margin is relatively intact with only very minor pitting or recession. Score 1-2 calc seen on most teeth. lLPM2 is glued in backwards. rUM1, both LM1s show postmortem enamel loss and rUC broken off at CEJ.
1897.09.0039 YA F? Yes Antemort Yes? No No No No R. parietal No Y Moderate No Yes Yes N/A Yes Yes Trauma consists of a possible BFT (but it could be sharp force from a spiked weapon) on mid-right parietal just lateral of sagittal suture. Appears to have punctured both cranial tables with healed woven bone covering the inner table puncture. Dimensions of the bottom of the indent are: 18.46 x 5.11mm. The outer table indent dimensions are: 31.2 x 17.89mm. No obvious osseous pathology. In situ teeth are minimally to moderately worn with score 1-2 calc on most. Moderate periodontal pitting in premolar and molar crypts, especially maxilla. rUM3 possibly lost antemortem due to abcess, crypt open and shows lateral destruction. LM3s also lost antemortem, crypt open, with possible early abcess developing on rLM3 crypt. Several molars show postmortem enamel loss.
1897.09.0040 YA-MA M No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Yes? Y Poor No Yes No N/A Yes No No obvious trauma, but two very small areas of bone growth (one right parietal one left frontal), not necessarily osteomas. Pathology might include very faint small areas of cribra (pitted, score 1) and an area of light evenly distributed pitting and possible woven bone on the posterior parietals and occipital. Teeth are almost entirely in situ but moderately to severly worn, especially anteriorly (pulp chambers exposed). No visible caries, score 1 calc and/or soil and black staining on most teeth, minor periodontal pitting observed on most of both alveolii.
1897.09.0041 YA-MA M No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No Y Poor Yes Yes Yes N/A Yes No No obvious trauma or osseous pathology. All max teeth except rUPM1 lost postmortem with postmortem damage and periodontal pitting across the alveolus. Mandibular alveolus is in better condition with much less pitting. Teeth show minimal-moderate degree of occlusal wear, worst on M1s. Small caries in the buccal groove pit (protostylid) of rLM3. Distal M2/mesial M3 crypt enlarged and partially destroyed by abcess.
1897.09.0042 OA M No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No Y Poor No Yes Yes N/A Yes No No obvious trauma or osseous pathology. Most teeth are in situ and moderately to severely worn (pulp chambers exposed for most anterior teeth). Most teeth also stained black from betel nut use and/or soil and most show score 1 calculus. LM3s lost antemortem, crypts closed. UM3s possibly pegged due to open crypt dimensions, possibly lost postmortem. Right UM2 crypt shows destruction from abcesses below the medial root and possibly also distally, removing the medial side of the M3 crypt. Alveolar margins of both arcades are mostly intact, but some minor periodontal pitting is seen in the maxilla.
1897.09.0043 MA-OA M Yes Antemort Yes? No No No No R. parietal No Y Moderate No Yes Yes? N/A Yes No Trauma consists of a small BFT (possible SFT with a spiked weapon), antemortem, on right parietal just lateral of sagittal suture and almost perpendicular to the suture (i.e. almost horizontal). Appears to have punctured both tables, with woven bone filling in the hole in the endocranial table. Dimensions are: 10.3 x 4.46mm internally, 19.24 x 9.94mm externally. No obvious osseous pathology. Teeth that remain are minimally worn, except for the lingual occlusal surface of the rUM1 (the only remaining maxillary tooth). Teeth stained with soil or residue but not neccessarily betel nut black. No obvious caries, score 1-2 calc present on most, LEH not assessable due to missing teeth or staining. Much of left alveolar margin lost postmortem, right side intact with minor pitting. However, the distal side of the unusually small rUM2 crypt is recessed and the M3 crypt is closing. Bone condition and foramen present in the maxilla where that crypt is located suggests possible abcess or infection. Minor periodontal pitting in mandibular alveolus. Possible deciduous UM2 root retained on left side lateral of lLPM2.
1897.09.0044 C Indt No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No Y Good No No No No No No No trauma or obvious pathology. Teeth are very clean, alveolar margins intact.
1897.09.0045 YA M? No N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No Y Good No Yes No No Yes No No obvious trauma, but a small area of flattening on posterior sagittal is noted, possibly due to resting position of the head as a neonate. No obvious osseous pathology. Only maxilla is present for this individual (mandible in the box does not match). Only rUPM1, both UM1s, rUM2 and lUM3 present. Minimal wear, minimal calc and minimal staining, but moderate periodontal pitting especially posteriorly.
Tab 5
Parkinson Collection Cranial Nonmetrics
ID# Date Assessed Age Class Sex Metopic suture L. supraorbital foramen R. supraorbital foramen L. supraorbital notch R. supraorbital notch L. Trochlear Spur R. Trochlear Spur L. infraorbital suture R. infraorbital suture L. Mltp. infraorbital foramen R. Mltp. infraorbital foramen L. Zygomatic-facial foramina R. Zygomatic-facial foramina L. parietal foramen R. parietal foramen L. epiteric bone R. epiteric bone L. coronal ossicle R. coronal ossicle Sagittal ossicle Apical bone L. lambdoid ossicle R. lambdoid ossicle L. asterionic bone R. asterionic bone L. occipito-mastoid bone R. occipito-mastoid bone L. parietal notch R. parietal notch Inca bone L. condylar canal R. condylar canal L. div. hypoglossal canal R. div. hypoglossal canal L. foramen ovale incomp R. foramen ovale incomp L. foramen spinosum incomp R. foramen spinosum incomp L. pterygo-spinous bridge R. pterygo-spinous bridge L. pterygo-alar bridge R. pterygo-alar bridge L. tympanic dehiscence R. tympanic dehiscence L. mastoid foramen R. mastoid foramen L. mastoid foramen # R. mastoid foramen # L. mylohyoid bridge loc R. mylohyoid bridge loc Inion hook Frontal venous markings Sutures Zygomatic projection (at nasal) Zygomatic posterior tubercle Nasal aperture Nasal depression Nasal spine Palatine torus Palatine suture Chin shape Mndbl lower border Notes
1897.09.0001 11-15-2019 YA F? 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 1 small N/A 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 wide shallow N/A 0 anterior blunt straight
1897.09.0002 11-18-2019 OA M 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 1 large 1 large 1 0 0 0 N/A N/A 0 0 1 (mult) 1 (single) 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 N/A N/A 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (trace) 1 (trace) 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 (comp) 1 (proj) 1 wide deep 1 (small) 0 straight round straight
1897.09.0003 11-18-2019 YA-MA M 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 1 large + 1 small 1 small 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 (mult) 1 (mult) 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 (trace) 1 (trace) 1 (trace) 1 (trace) 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 (comp) 1 (intrmdt) 0 wide deep 1 (small) 0 straight blunt straight
1897.09.0004 11-18-2019 YA M 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) several small 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 (trace) 0 1 (trace) 1 (trace) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (complete at opening) 1 (complete at opening) 0 0 0 1 (intrmdt) 1 wide shallow 1 (small) 0 anterior blunt straight
1897.09.0005 11-19-2019 YA F 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 (one large foramen) 1 (one large one small) 1 small N/A 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (intrmd) 0 0 intermed shallow 1 (small) 0 straight blunt straigh (?)
1897.09.0006 11-19-2019 MA-OA M 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 (one large one small) 1 (one large one small) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N/A N/A 0 0 N/A N/A 0 0 1 (partial) 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 (comp) 1 (proj) N/A intermed shallow 0 0 anterior blunt straight
1897.09.0007 11-20-2019 OA F 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 1 small 1 small 1 0 N/A 0 N/A 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 (trace) 0 0 0 0 1 1 (partial) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 (intrmd) 0 0 wide deep 1 (large) 0 straight round undulating
1897.09.0008 11-20-2019 MA M 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 1 large + 1 small N/A 1 0 N/A N/A 0 0 0 1 (mult) 1 (mult) 1 (mult) 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 (trace) 1 (trace) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (comp) 1 (proj) 0 wide deep 1 (small) 0 N/A round undulating Mltpl mental foramena left side
1897.09.0009 11-20-2019 YA-MA M 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 1 large 1 large 1 1 0 0 N/A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 (trace) 1 (trace) 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 (intrmd) 1 (proj) 1 wide shallow 1 (large) 0 anterior blunt straight
1897.09.0010 11-20-2019 YA-MA M? 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 1 large 1 large 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (complete) 1 (complete) 1 (trace) 1 (trace) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (intrmdt) 1 wide shallow 1 (small) 0 straight round straight
1897.09.0011 11-20-2019 MA-OA M 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 1 small 1 small 0 0 N/A N/A 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 (trace) 1 (trace) 1 (partial) 1 (trace) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (intrmd) 1 (intrmdt) 1 wide deep 0 0 N/A blunt straight
1897.09.0012 11-20-2019 YA F? 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 1 small 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 (mult) 1 (mult) 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (comp) 1 (intrmdt) 0 wide shallow 1 (small) 0 posterior round rocker
1897.09.0013 11-21-2019 YA F 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 1 small 2 small 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 (trace) 1 (trace) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 (intrmdt) 1 wide shallow 1 (large) 0 straight blunt straight
1897.09.0014 11-21-2019 YA F? 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 (complete) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 wide shallow 1 (small) 0 uneven round straight Mltpl mental foramena right side
1897.09.0015 11-22-2019 YA F 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 1 large 1 large 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (trace) 1 (trace) 1 (partial) 1 (partial) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (partial; middle) 0 0 1 (intrmd) 1 (intrmdt) 1 wide deep 1 (small) 0 anterior bilobate straight
1897.09.0016 11-22-2019 OC Indt 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 2 small 1 large 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 (mult) 1 (mult) 1 1 1 (mult) 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 (trace) 1 (partial) 1 (partial) 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (proj) 1 intermed shallow 0 0 uneven bilobate straight
1897.09.0017 11-22-2019 OA M 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 (one large one small) 1 (one large one small) 1 large + 1 small 1 large 1 1 0 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 (partial) 0 1 (partial) 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 0 0 0 0 N/A 1 (proj) 1 wide deep 1 (small) 1 N/A blunt straight Divided mental foramena left side. Several sutural traits not scorable due to obliteration.
1897.09.0018 11-22-2019 YA F? 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 (one large foramen) 1 (one large one small) 2 small 2 small 0 0 0 0 1 (mult) 0 N/A 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 (complete) 0 0 0 0 1 (trace) 1 (trace) 1 (trace) 1 (trace) 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 (intrmd) 1 (intrmdt) 0 wide deep 1 (small) 0 anterior blunt undulating
1897.09.0019 11-25-2019 YA-MA M 0 1 1 (mult) 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 1 large + many small 1 large + 1 small 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (trace) 1 (trace) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 (partial; end) 0 0 0 1 (comp) 1 (proj) 1 intermed deep 1 (small) 0 anterior blunt undulating Small foramen at gnathion.
1897.09.0020 11-25-2019 YA M 0 1 1 (mult) 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 1 small 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 (mult) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (partial) 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 (complete at opening) 1 (complete at opening) 0 0 0 1 (proj) 1 wide shallow 1 (small) 0 uneven blunt straight
1897.09.0021 11-25-2019 MA M 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 1 large 2 large 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 (partial) 1 (trace) 0 1 (partial) 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 (intrmdt) 1 intermed shallow 1 (large) 0 straight round rocker
1897.09.0022 11-25-2019 YA M 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 (one large foramen) 1 (one large one small) 1 large + 1 small 2 small 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 (mult) 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 (proj) 1 wide deep 1 (small) 0 uneven blunt straight
1897.09.0023 11-25-2019 YA-MA M 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 1 small 1 small 0 0 1 1 0 0 N/A 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (trace) 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 (intrmdt) 1 wide deep 0 0 posterior blunt straight
1897.09.0024 11-26-2019 YA F 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 1 small 1 small 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 (trace) 1 (partial) 1 (partial) 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 (comp) 1 (proj) 1 wide shallow 1 (large) 0 anterior blunt straight
1897.09.0025 11-27-2019 YA M 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 (mult) 1 (mult) 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 N/A 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 (trace) 0 0 1 (trace) 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 (complete at end) 0 0 0 1 (comp) 1 (intrmdt) 1 wide deep 1 (small) 0 posterior bilobate straight
1897.09.0026 11-27-2019 YA M 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 1 large 1 small 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (partial) 1 (trace) 1 (trace) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (intrmd) 0 1 intermed shallow 1 (small) 0 straight round straight
1897.09.0027 11-27-2019 YA F? 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 2 large 1 large 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 (complete) 0 0 0 0 0 1 (partial) 1 (complete) 1 (partial) 1 (partial) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (intrmd) 0 1 wide deep 0 0 straight blunt straight
1897.09.0028 11-27-2019 MA M 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 1 large 0 0 0 N/A N/A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (partial) 0 N/A 1 N/A 0 0 1 (trace) 1 (trace) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (intrmd) 1 (intrmdt) 0 wide shallow 0 0 anterior round straight
1897.09.0029 01-20-2020 YA M 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 N/A 0 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 2 large 1 large + 1 small 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (partial) 1 (trace) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (complete at middle) 1 (complete at middle) 0 0 1 (intrmd) 1 (proj) 1 wide shallow 1 (small) 0 uneven blunt straight
1897.09.0030 11-28-2019 OC Indt 0 1 1 (mult) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 1 small 2 small 0 0 N/A 0 N/A 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 N/A 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (complete) 0 0 0 0 1 1 (complete) 1 (partial) 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 (intrmd) 1 (proj) 1 wide shallow 1 (small) 0 anterior round straight Several traits unscorable due to fragmentation
1897.09.0031 11-28-2019 YA-MA F? 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 1 small 1 small 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 (mult) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 (trace) 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (proj) 0 intermed shallow 1 (small) 0 straight round rocker
1897.09.0032 11-28-2019 MA-OA M 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 0 0 1 1 0 0 N/A N/A 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 (trace) 1 (trace) 0 1 (trace) 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 (comp) 1 (intrmdt) 1 wide deep 1 (small) 0 uneven blunt straight
1897.09.0033 11-28-2019 YA M 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 1 small 1 small 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (complete) 1 (partial) 1 (trace) 1 (trace) 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 (comp) 1 (proj) 0 intermed shallow 1 (large) 0 straight round straight
1897.09.0034 11-28-2019 YA M 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 (one large one small) 1 (one large one small) 2 small 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (trace) 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (comp) 1 (intrmdt) 1 wide deep 1 (small) 0 straight round rocker
1897.09.0035 11-29-2019 MA M 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 1 large 1 large + 1 small 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 (complete) 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (intrmdt) 1 wide shallow 1 (small) 0 anterior blunt straight
1897.09.0036 11-29-2019 MA-OA M 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) N/A 1 small 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 (complete) 1 (complete) 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 (intrmd) 1 (proj) 1 wide shallow 1 (large) 1 straight blunt straight
1897.09.0037 11-29-2019 MA-OA M 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 0 1 large 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (partial) 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (trace) 1 (trace) 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 (proj) 1 wide deep 1 (small) 0 N/A round straight
1897.09.0038 11-29-2019 YA F 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 1 large 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 (trace) 1 (trace) 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 (intrmd) 0 0 wide shallow N/A 0 uneven round straight
1897.09.0039 11-29-2019 YA F? 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 (mult) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 (complete) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 2 (opening; end) 2 (complete at end; partial at middle) 0 0 1 (intrmd) 1 (proj) 1 wide straight 0 0 uneven round straight
1897.09.0040 12-2-2019 YA-MA M 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 (partial) 1 1 (one large one small) 0 (one large foramen) 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (complete) 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 (trace) 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 (complete at opening) 0 0 0 0 1 (proj) 1 wide deep 1 (small) 0 uneven round straight Mandible glued to maxilla.
1897.09.0041 12-2-2019 YA-MA M 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 0 1 large 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (mult) 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 (partial) 1 (trace) 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 (intrmd) 1 (proj) 1 wide shallow 1 (small) 0 posterior blunt undulating
1897.09.0042 12-2-2019 OA M 0 1 1 (mult) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 2 small 2 small 1 1 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (complete) 1 (complete) 1 (trace) 1 (trace) 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 N/A 1 (proj) 1 wide deep 1 (small) 0 N/A blunt straight Many suture vault scores unavailable due to closure/obliteration
1897.09.0043 12-2-2019 MA-OA M 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 1 large 0 0 1 N/A N/A 0 0 N/A 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 N/A 0 N/A 0 0 0 N/A 0 N/A 1 (complete) 0 1 (trace) N/A 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (intrmdt) 1 wide deep 1 (small) 0 N/A blunt straight Some traints unscorable due to missing bone or closed sutures
1897.09.0044 12-2-2019 C Indt 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 1 large 2 large 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 (mult) 1 (mult) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 (trace) 1 (trace) 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 (comp) 1 (proj) 0 wide shallow 0 0 uneven round straight
1897.09.0045 01-20-2020 YA MA? 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 (one large foramen) 0 (one large foramen) 1 large 1 large 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 (trace) 1 (trace) 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 N/A N/A 0 0 1 (comp) 1 (intrmdt) 1 wide deep 1 (small) 0 straight N/A N/A Mandible does not match maxilla. Large inca bone in right lambdoid.
Tab 6
Parkinson Collection Craniometrics
ID# Date/s Assessed Age Class Sex Max. cranial length Max. cranial breadth Bizygomatic diameter Basion-bregma height Cranial base length Basion-prosthion length Maxillo-alveolar breadth Maxillo-alveolar length Biauricular breadth Upper facial height Upper facial breadth Nasal height Nasal breadth Orbital breadth (L) Orbital height (L) Biorbital breadth Interorbital breadth Frontal chord Parietal chord Occipital chord Foramen magnum length Foramen magnum breadth Max. frontal breadth Biasterionic breadth Cheek height Bimaxillary breadth Notes
1897.09.0001 11-15-2019 YA F? 167 130 N/A 132 98 94.2 61.6 55.1 112 66.4 N/A 45.7 25.6 36.3 31.6 N/A 27.4 105 107 95 31.8 25.2 110 100 21.7 N/A Lateral side of right orbit and zygo lost postmortem
1897.09.0002 11-18-2019 OA M 180 142 139 N/A N/A N/A N/A 59.6 128 65.2 109.6 51.06 26.2 38.4 35.7 100.3 24.7 115 115 98 N/A N/A 108 105 26.9 97.9 Some measurements not possible due to reference points being obscured by dried tissue
1897.09.0003 11-18-2019 YA-MA M 179 138 139 129 95 100 64.3 62.2 128 63.5 105.9 45.4 26.5 36.5 34.2 99.3 24.9 107 120 99 34.8 25.2 118 100 19.1 95.4 Even though jaws glued together, all measurements at least approximate.
1897.09.0004 11-18-2019 YA M 182 140 N/A 141 108 N/A N/A N/A 130 N/A 113.9 51.9 30.1 41.7 32.6 105.3 26.3 108 130 92 35.3 30.2 110 110 24.2 106.8 Some measurements not possible due to missing max alveolus
1897.09.0005 11-19-2019 YA F 165 128 N/A 131 92 98.5 61.4 56 112 65.9 91.6 45.4 23.2 34.5 31.1 86.6 20.1 98 112 88 30.6 25.9 102 99 20.7 90.6 Missing right zygo arch prevents bizygo diameter measurement.
1897.09.0006 11-19-2019 MA-OA M 192 135 N/A 132 103 113.5 N/A 57.2 129 67.3 101.2 47.5 22.7 36.1 32.8 94.5 23 105 109 100 33 27.5 104 107 30.3 101.6 Some measurements missing due to missing bone.
1897.09.0007 11-20-2019 OA F 180 123 125 128 99 101.3 58.5 60.4 110 58.9 100.8 43.2 26 38 31.2 93.8 20 103 111 95 34.4 26.1 101 105 19.2 87.9
1897.09.0008 11-20-2019 MA M 175 128 129 129 90 98.2 63.2 57.8 118 63.1 100.9 53 25.2 36.7 32.1 94.7 24.7 109 115 92 36.1 28.4 108 103 20.5 91.3
1897.09.0009 11-20-2019 YA-MA M 180 122 130 142 100 108.2 61.1 61.8 122 61.2 108.6 42.8 25.4 38 30.2 99.6 26.2 118 112 97 33.1 24.3 109 110 23.1 94.2
1897.09.0010 11-20-2019 YA-MA M? 172 128 N/A 132 92 96.9 60.7 59.3 118 58.2 95.4 44.07 24.6 39.12 32.3 93.8 18.8 108 118 100 31.3 24.9 107 106 21.4 87.9
1897.09.0011 11-20-2019 MA-OA M 196 141 149 142 105 106.9 N/A 59.7 132 62.9 111.3 46.4 26.3 37.6 31.4 97.4 26.3 112 122 101 32.8 25.9 110 110 21.9 97.9
1897.09.0012 11-20-2019 YA F? 178 128 121 131 98 102.7 59.4 59 110 65.5 97.04 46.4 23.5 34.9 31.5 91.3 20.1 108 112 96 34.4 30 108 102 20.6 86.2
1897.09.0013 11-21-2019 YA F 168 122 120 123 90 94.5 62.8 58.7 110 65.6 100.7 45.4 25.4 35.2 32.5 93.7 25.1 98 115 90 30.2 23.6 102 100 21.9 94.1
1897.09.0014 11-21-2019 YA F? 178 125 128 138 102 105 65.7 60.6 120 63.7 102.7 46.2 30.6 36.1 31.3 94.9 23.2 108 115 90 35.8 31.2 101 99 20.2 96.4
1897.09.0015 11-22-2019 YA F 172 128 128 129 92 98 65.5 56.3 111 58.8 104.1 43.5 24.4 37.4 30.8 95.8 23.9 108 114 90 33.2 27.1 100 101 20.7 99.4
1897.09.0016 11-22-2019 OC Indt 170 132 111 132 92 99 59.8 51.7 108 56.4 92.8 40.9 18.9 32.8 30.3 85.8 21.5 102 112 92 36.7 25.1 108 100 21.3 82.3
1897.09.0017 11-22-2019 OA M 188 145 149 142 102 98 N/A 57.9 130 64.4 117.5 47.4 27.7 38.2 35.5 106.3 30.9 120 118 95 30.1 27.9 125 110 24.1 102.4
1897.09.0018 11-22-2019 YA F? 180 121 129 124 102 110 63 60.8 118 63.2 105.4 48.1 27.4 36.6 32.4 98.2 25.6 97 110 100 32.8 27 103 105 18.6 88.5
1897.09.0019 11-25-2019 YA-MA M 181 132 128 132 98 103 59.5 56.8 112 62.2 97 48.5 22.7 34.7 31.1 90.8 21.7 110 120 98 30.4 27.9 108 108 22.1 86.8
1897.09.0020 11-25-2019 YA M 174 132 N/A 133 99 102 66 61.5 125 64.2 105.1 49.9 24.7 36.8 31.4 97.1 23.2 102 111 100 30 26.8 105 108 22.3 92.4 Left zygo loose and arch lost postmortem
1897.09.0021 11-25-2019 MA M 190 128 142 139 108 108 N/A 59.5 128 69.5 105.2 47.4 23 38.8 34 98.5 23.6 112 118 99 33 27.1 103 112 23.9 100.6
1897.09.0022 11-25-2019 YA M 170 128 131 131 95 101 66.3 64.6 121 64.4 102.1 46.8 24.3 37.9 33.7 94.8 20.4 101 115 92 34.8 28.8 101 108 18.8 97.8
1897.09.0023 11-25-2019 YA-MA M 176 137 136 132 102 105 67.7 61.3 127 67.8 105.4 51.1 25.2 37.6 31.9 97.8 24.8 105 110 90 36.6 29.9 108 109 22.3 92.3
1897.09.0024 11-26-2019 YA F 185 132 138 138 110 109 62.9 60 128 65.5 105 49.7 24.2 38.7 32.7 98.1 24.4 108 111 100 35.5 28.4 110 109 23.5 99.1
1897.09.0025 11-27-2019 YA M 172 128 N/A 130 108 109 67.3 68.6 118 67.2 109 48.8 24.9 40 35.2 100.8 22.8 101 112 82 36.2 28.9 110 105 22.8 94.5 Right zygo arch missing
1897.09.0026 11-27-2019 YA M 172 129 128 128 102 101 64.1 55.5 121 65.2 100.8 46.7 23.3 35.8 33.7 92.9 23.6 108 102 88 31.2 28 105 100 22.2 91.8
1897.09.0027 11-27-2019 YA F? 168 118 121 128 98 99 62.3 57.7 109 58.7 97.9 47.2 25 36.8 31 92.3 22.1 101 108 88 32.5 28.5 97 101 19.6 91.3
1897.09.0028 11-27-2019 MA M 181 128 N/A 140 98 101 N/A 59.9 117 61.5 97.6 43.7 23.1 34.6 31.9 89.1 21.9 110 120 100 36.5 31.2 102 105 22.6 91.4 Right zygo arch missing, right temporal loose, skull cracked through frontal.
1897.09.0029 01-20-2020 YA M 183 129 139 132 99 110 65.4 61.8 122 66.4 107.6 46.2 27.1 38.4 31.9 102.6 23.7 112 112 100 32.5 29.4 110 112 26.6 95.2
1897.09.0030 11-28-2019 OC Indt 175 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 59.5 47.6 N/A 60.2 95.7 46.1 22.9 36.2 33 89.4 19.7 108 118 92 37 26.1 102 88 19.9 85.5 Several measurements not possible due to fragmentation
1897.09.0031 11-28-2019 YA-MA F? 172 129 125 132 99 102 61.4 62.6 120 64.9 105.4 46.7 23.9 38.3 32.9 95.4 20.6 108 108 95 34.9 29.05 105 107 21.3 92.7
1897.09.0032 11-28-2019 MA-OA M 190 128 138 141 108 115 64.9 72.5 128 69.8 111.1 48.4 27.2 39.7 32.9 105.8 26 110 115 90 34.6 28.2 110 110 22.5 101.1
1897.09.0033 11-28-2019 YA M 190 138 140 138 101 108 66.8 60.7 128 69.6 106.6 49.3 24.4 40.1 33.1 100.6 22 112 125 95 33.3 28.4 110 108 28.8 107.1
1897.09.0034 11-28-2019 YA M 181 130 128 135 145 99 62.9 55.3 119 59.7 102.5 44.1 25.6 38.2 31.5 96.5 20.6 100 118 100 30.6 24.7 108 110 23.4 94.2
1897.09.0035 11-29-2019 MA M 181 132 142 138 102 108 66.5 58.9 122 60.1 112.5 42.7 26.8 41.9 29.6 102.6 25.1 108 110 92 31 27.8 110 105 23.5 99.9
1897.09.0036 11-29-2019 MA-OA M 191 140 148 132 101 108 69.8 59.2 132 65.1 111.8 47.7 28.9 41.5 33 104.1 24.8 112 118 98 37 32.3 112 105 28.2 105.4
1897.09.0037 11-29-2019 MA-OA M 182 128 N/A 139 101 109 N/A 61.4 121 62.3 110.1 47.3 27.8 37.8 30.6 102.1 26.6 110 116 98 34 25.6 102 105 22.8 97.6
1897.09.0038 11-29-2019 YA F 178 128 N/A 135 100 N/A 62.6 N/A 122 N/A 103.4 N/A 26.6 37.4 30.3 94 22.4 108 118 92 37.8 31.3 105 102 19.8 92.3 Anterior max alveolus missing, preventing some measurements
1897.09.0039 11-29-2019 YA F? 170 130 128 129 98 98 63.7 54.8 118 63.1 104 61.4 23.2 36.2 31.4 93.9 24.7 110 108 82 30.1 24.4 111 100 22.6 91.4
1897.09.0040 12-2-2019 YA-MA M 178 132 141 140 99 112 67.9 N/A 125 68.7 108.9 48.9 26.8 39.3 31.9 101.9 23.9 108 118 98 32.8 27 112 118 26.8 (r) 102.9 Left zygo loose but glued back on off-centre. Mandible glued to maxilla, also off-centre
1897.09.0041 12-2-2019 YA-MA M 182 132 N/A 141 102 102 61.6 55.2 128 60.4 107.8 47.8 25.5 38.8 30.3 102.6 26.1 118 122 98 37.8 30.9 109 108 23.3 (r) 95.1 Zygo arches missing, left zygo loose and glued off-centre.
1897.09.0042 12-2-2019 OA M 191 129 149 142 99 102 69.1 57.6 126 73.2 111.3 56.3 26.7 38.7 33.7 101.1 27.3 112 121 100 36.5 29.4 112 105 27.4 100.9
1897.09.0043 12-2-2019 MA-OA M 182 128 N/A 141 108 101 N/A N/A 122 65.9 106.4 49.3 24.6 36.8 33.3 95.5 24.8 110 110 92 34.1 N/A 108 108 24.1 93.80 Many measurements not possible due to missing bone
1897.09.0044 12-2-2019 C Indt 152 120 102 125 88 89 59 52.8 105 53.2 88.9 38.1 25.2 30.6 29.8 84.1 21.3 90 102 88 30.7 27.3 92 98 16.2 80.2
1897.09.0045 01-20-2020 YA M? 175 136 128 128 98 102 58.7 60.3 120 66 103.6 47.5 26.3 37.9 32 96.9 24.7 102 118 95 29.2 26.3 105 108 21.2 92.9
Rescore
1897.09.0013 12-5-2019 YA F 168 122 120 122 90 98 62.8 57.8 110 64.7 100.9 45.9 25.4 36.1 32.06 94.2 24.5 99 110 90 29.6 22.9 102 100 21.9 93.7
1897.09.0014 12-5-2019 YA F? 178 125 128 138 102 108 65.7 60.2 119 64.4 102.1 45.9 30.4 35.9 31.2 94.8 23.1 102 112 90 35.1 30.3 105 100 20.2 96.1
1897.09.0015 12-5-2019 YA F 171 128 127 129 92 98 65.9 55.9 111 58.9 103.7 43.9 24.4 36.9 29.9 95.8 23.5 105 115 92 32.7 26.5 101 102 20.9 99.3
1897.09.0031 12-4-2019 YA-MA F? 175 129 128 132 102 99 61.2 61.9 120 65.8 105.2 46.6 24.5 37.9 33.8 95.2 20.7 108 105 95 36.8 29.1 105 105 21.8 93.7
1897.09.0035 12-4-2019 MA M 180 132 142 138 102 108 66.9 58.9 122 60.6 112.6 42.9 26.9 41.3 29.7 102.8 24.6 108 110 92 30.9 27.8 112 105 23.2 100.6
Tab 7
Parkinson Collection Dental Nonmetrics
Maxilla
ID# Date Assessed? Age Class Sex Wng (UI1) Shvl (UI2) Pgng (UI2) Tbrcl dentale (UC) Tricusp PMs (UPM1) Dbl root PMs (UPM1) Metacone (UM3) Hypocone (UM2) Carabelli (UM1) UM C5 (UM1) Prstyl (UM2) Pgng (UM3) Notes
1897.09.0001 11-15-2019 YA F? 0 N/A 0 N/A N/A 1 (bilateral; crypts) 0 (score 2) 1 (score 3) 0 1 (score 2) 0 0 Carabelli cusp score 3 on lUM3
1897.09.0002 11-18-2019 OA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1 (only right obv; crypt) N/A N/A 0 0 N/A N/A
1897.09.0003 11-18-2019 YA-MA M N/A N/A N/A 0 0 N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A 0 0
1897.09.0004 11-18-2019 YA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1 (bilateral; crypts) N/A 1 (score 3) 0 N/A 0 0
1897.09.0005 11-19-2019 YA F 0 0 0 1 (score 2) 0 N/A 0 (score 2) 0 (score 2) 0 0 0 0
1897.09.0006 11-19-2019 MA-OA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 0 (score 1) 1 (score 3) 0 0 0 0
1897.09.0007 11-20-2019 OA F N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A 0 (score 2) N/A N/A 0 0
1897.09.0008 11-20-2019 MA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1 (right; crypt) 1 (score 3) 0 (score 2) 0 0 0 0
1897.09.0009 11-20-2019 YA-MA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 1 (score 3) 0 (score 1) 0 0 0 0
1897.09.0010 11-20-2019 YA-MA M? 0 N/A N/A 0 N/A N/A 0 (score 2) 1 (score 3) 0 0 0 0
1897.09.0011 11-20-2019 MA-OA M N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A
1897.09.0012 11-20-2019 YA F? N/A 0 0 N/A 0 N/A 0 (score 2) 0 (score 2) 0 0 0 0
1897.09.0013 11-21-2019 YA F 0 0 (score 1) 0 0 (score 1) 0 0 0 (score 2) 1 (score 3) 0 0 0 0
1897.09.0014 11-21-2019 YA F? N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 1 (left side; tooth) 0 (score 2) 0 (score 2) 0 1 (score 2) 0 0
1897.09.0015 11-22-2019 YA F 0 N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A 1 (score 3) 1 (score 3) 0 0 (score 1) 0 0
1897.09.0016 11-22-2019 OC Indt N/A 0 0 0 (score 1) 0 1 (only right obv; crypt) 1 (score 3) 0 (score 2) 0 0 (score 1) 0 0 UM3 traits scorable from crown features and size visible in right crypt. Root not formed.
1897.09.0017 11-22-2019 OA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A All teeth lost post or antemortem.
1897.09.0018 11-22-2019 YA F? N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1 (bilateral; crypts) 1 (score 3) 1 (score 3) 0 0 0 0 Mandibular premolars glued into the maxilla.
1897.09.0019 11-25-2019 YA-MA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1 (bilateral; crypts) N/A 0 (score 2) 0 0 (score 1) 0 N/A Maxillary M3s 3 rooted, lost postmortem. Mandibular ones show partial pegging.
1897.09.0020 11-25-2019 YA M N/A 0 0 N/A 0 0 1 (score 3) 1 (score 3) 0 0 0 0
1897.09.0021 11-25-2019 MA M N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A 0 N/A N/A 0 N/A N/A N/A Only rUC and rUM1 present, all other crypts open. Both remaining teeth moderately worn
1897.09.0022 11-25-2019 YA M 0 0 0 0 0 1 (only right obv; crypt) 1 (score 3) 1 (score 3) 0 0 0 0
1897.09.0023 11-25-2019 YA-MA M 1 (unilateral) N/A 0 N/A N/A N/A 1 (score 3) 1 (score 4) 0 N/A 0 0 Some traits unscorable due to wear or to tooth being firmly stuck within crypt
1897.09.0024 11-26-2019 YA F N/A N/A N/A 0 (score 1) N/A 0 N/A 0 (score 2) 0 0 (score 1) 0 N/A
1897.09.0025 11-27-2019 YA M 0 N/A 0 0 0 N/A 1 (score 3) 0 (score 1) 0 0 0 0
1897.09.0026 11-27-2019 YA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 0 (score 2) 0 (score 2) 0 0 0 0 M2 and M3 have a C5, score 1 and 2 respectively
1897.09.0027 11-27-2019 YA F? 1 (bilateral) 0 (score 1) 0 0 0 N/A 0 (score 2) 1 (score 3) 0 0 0 0 Moderate to heavy occlusal wear on incisors and first molars
1897.09.0028 11-27-2019 MA M N/A N/A 0 0 0 N/A 0 (score 1) N/A 0 N/A N/A 0 Many teeth missing and those remaining moderately worn .
1897.09.0029 01-21-2020 YA M N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 0 1 (score 3) 0 (score 2) 0 0 0 0 Large Carabelli cusp on the rUM3.
1897.09.0030 11-28-2019 OC Indt 0 N/A N/A 0 (score 1) 0 0 N/A 0 (score 1) 0 0 0 N/A Pre-15 teen. No deciduous teeth or crypts remains. Those permanent teeth present unworn. M3s and crypts just becoming visible
1897.09.0031 11-28-2019 YA-MA F? 0 0 (score 1) 0 0 0 N/A 1 (score 3) 1 (score 4) 0 N/A 0 0
1897.09.0032 11-28-2019 MA-OA M 1 (bilateral) 0 (score 2) 0 0 0 N/A N/A 0 (score 2) 0 0 (score 1) 0 N/A
1897.09.0033 11-28-2019 YA M N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 0 1 (score 3) 0 (score 2) 0 0 0 0
1897.09.0034 11-28-2019 YA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A N/A 0 1 (score 2) N/A N/A
1897.09.0035 11-29-2019 MA M N/A 0 (score 1) 0 0 0 0 0 (score 2) 0 (score 2) 0 0 0 0
1897.09.0036 11-29-2019 MA-OA M N/A N/A 0 0 0 N/A 1 (score 3) 1 (score 4) 0 N/A 0 0 Moderate occlusal surface wear especially on the molars. rUM3 congenitally absent.
1897.09.0037 11-29-2019 MA-OA M 1 (bilateral) N/A 0 0 0 N/A 1 (score 3) N/A 0 N/A N/A 0 Substantial occlusal wear on most remaining dentition
1897.09.0038 11-29-2018 YA F N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A 1 (left side; crypt) 1 (score 3) 1 (score 3) 0 N/A 0 0 Wear prevents scoring some traits
1897.09.0039 11-29-2019 YA F? N/A N/A N/A 0 0 0 1 (score 3) 1 (score 3) 0 0 0 0
1897.09.0040 12-2-2019 YA-MA M 1 (bilateral) N/A 0 0 N/A N/A N/A 1 (score 3) 0 0 0 0 Mandible glued to maxilla preventing clear scoring of some occlusal traits. Severe occlusal wear anteriorly.
1897.09.0041 12-2-2019 YA-MA M N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Only the rUPM1 in situ, minimal wear.
1897.09.0042 12-2-2019 OA M 0 N/A 0 0 0 N/A N/A 1 (score 3) 0 N/A 0 1 (from crypt size) Severe wear prevents accurate assessment of all traits
1897.09.0043 12-2-2019 MA-OA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A N/A 0 N/A N/A N/A Only one tooth present, rUM1, heavy lingual occlusal surface wear
1897.09.0044 12-2-2019 C Indt. 0 N/A N/A N/A 0 0 N/A 0 (score 2) 0 0 0 N/A Some traits unscorable due to postmortem loss or unerupted adult dentition. drUM2 shows score 2 Carabelli's
1897.09.0045 01-21-2020 YA M? N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 1 (left side; crypt) 1 (score 3) 1 (score 4) 1 (score 2) 0 (score 1) 0 0 What teeth remain are in good condition. Only individual with a Carabelli's cusp on M1.
Mandible
ID# Date Assessed? Age Class Sex Dstl Acc Rdg (LC) Lngl Csp # (LPM2) Grv Ptrn (LM1) Ant. Fovea (LM1) Mid-Trig Crst (LM1) Prtsyld (LM1) C6 (LM1) C7 (LM1) LM cusp # (LM2) C5 (LM2) LM2 root # LM3 angle
1897.09.0001 11-15-2019 YA F? 0 2 Y N/A N/A 0 N/A 0 4 0 2 0
1897.09.0002 11-18-2019 OA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
1897.09.0003 11-18-2019 YA-MA M 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 (score 1) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0
1897.09.0004 11-18-2019 YA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 2 0
1897.09.0005 11-19-2019 YA F 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2 0 Many traits not scorable due to being obscured by maxillary arcade when jaws glued in approximate articulation
1897.09.0006 11-19-2019 MA-OA M N/A N/A X 0 0 0 N/A 0 4 0 2 1 (mesially offset) Some traits not scorable due to missing teeth, alveolar bone or moderate atrition levels.
1897.09.0007 11-20-2019 OA F N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A 0 0 0 4 0 2 0
1897.09.0008 11-20-2019 MA M N/A 2 N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A 0 4 0 2 0 Some traits not scorable due to missing teeth or molar occlusal surface attrition levels
1897.09.0009 11-20-2019 YA-MA M N/A N/A Y 0 0 0 (score 1) 0 0 5 1 2 0
1897.09.0010 11-20-2019 YA-MA M? N/A 1 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A N/A 2 0
1897.09.0011 11-20-2019 MA-OA M N/A N/A Y 0 N/A 0 N/A 0 N/A N/A 2 1 (mesially offset) Some traits not scorable due missing teeth or molar occlusal surface attrition levels
1897.09.0012 11-20-2019 YA F? N/A N/A Y 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 2 0
1897.09.0013 11-21-2019 YA F N/A 1 Y 1 0 1 (score 3) 0 0 N/A 0 N/A 0 Large protostylid on both molars; intermediate score due to lack of free standing cusp. Some teeth missing.
1897.09.0014 11-21-2019 YA F? 0 3 Y 0 0 0 1 (score 1) 0 5 1 N/A 0
1897.09.0015 11-22-2019 YA F N/A 2 Y 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 2 1 (mesially offset) LM2 cusp five size just visible by trace grooves toward midline (score 1 or 2).
1897.09.0016 11-22-2019 OC Indt N/A N/A Y 0 1 0 1 (score 1) 0 4 0 N/A N/A
1897.09.0017 11-22-2019 OA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 Only rLI1 and rLPM2 present, both very worn.
1897.09.0018 11-22-2019 YA F? N/A 1 X 0 N/A 0 N/A 0 5 1 N/A 0
1897.09.0019 11-25-2019 YA-MA M N/A 1 Y 0 1 0 (score 1) 0 1 4 0 2 0
1897.09.0020 11-25-2019 YA M N/A 2 Y 0 0 0 (score 1) 0 0 4 0 2 1 (mesially offset) lLM3 at angle. DAC not scorable due to wear. Large C5s on both M3s
1897.09.0021 11-25-2019 MA M N/A N/A Y 0 N/A 0 0 0 5 1 2 0 lLI2 glued into canine crypt. M3s missing but crypts in align with M2s.
1897.09.0022 11-25-2019 YA M 0 N/A Y 0 N/A 0 (score 1) 0 0 5 1 2 0
1897.09.0023 11-25-2019 YA-MA M N/A 2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A N/A 2 0 Many traits not scorable due to severe wear or missing dentition.
1897.09.0024 11-26-2019 YA F N/A N/A X 0 0 0 1 (score 1) 0 4 0 2 0
1897.09.0025 11-27-2019 YA M 0 1 Y 0 N/A 0 0 0 4 0 2 0 Some traits not scorable due to moderate occlusal wear.
1897.09.0026 11-27-2019 YA M N/A N/A Y 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 2 0
1897.09.0027 11-27-2019 YA F? 0 3 N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A 0 5 1 2 1 (laterally offset) Unusual 3 lingual cusp PM2. Severe occlusal wear on M1s, moderate on rLI2, LC
1897.09.0028 11-27-2019 MA M 0 1 N/A 0 N/A 0 N/A 0 4 0 2 1 (mesially offset) Significant ware across all dentition.
1897.09.0029 01-21-2020 YA M 0 1 Y 0 N/A 0 (score 1) 1 (score 1) 0 4 0 2 0 Moderate wear or missing teeth prevents accurate scoring of some traits.
1897.09.0030 11-28-2019 OC Indt 0 2 Y 1 0 0 0 0 4 0 2 N/A Teeth present all permanent and unworn. M3 crypts just erupting
1897.09.0031 11-28-2019 YA-MA F? N/A N/A Y 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 N/A 0
1897.09.0032 11-28-2019 MA-OA M 0 2 N/A 0 N/A 0 N/A 0 5 1 2 1 (mesially offset) Substantial wear across most teeth
1897.09.0033 11-28-2019 YA M N/A 1 Y 0 N/A 0 0 0 4 0 2 0
1897.09.0034 11-28-2019 YA M N/A N/A Y 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 2 1 (mesially offset)
1897.09.0035 11-29-2019 MA M N/A 2 Y 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 2 0
1897.09.0036 11-29-2019 MA-OA M 0 2 N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A 0 4 0 2 0 Moderate to severe occlusal wear especially molars. rLM3 either lost antemortem or congenitally absent
1897.09.0037 11-29-2019 MA-OA M N/A 2 N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A 0 4 0 2 0 Substantial occlusal wear across most remaining teeth
1897.09.0038 11-29-2019 YA F 0 2 N/A 0 N/A 0 N/A 0 4 0 2 0 The lUPM1 is glued into lLPM1 socket. lLPM2 glued in backwards. Moderate molar occlusal wear
1897.09.0039 11-29-2019 YA F? N/A 2 N/A 0 N/A 0 N/A 0 4 0 2 N/A Wear, dirt/calc or enamel loss prevents some measurements
1897.09.0040 12-2-2019 YA-MA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 Mandible glued to maxilla plus noticeably moderate to severe occlusal wear prevents accurate trait scoring.
1897.09.0041 12-2-2019 YA-MA M N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A N/A N/A 0 4 0 2 1 (mesially offset) Moderate to severe occlusal wear on most in situ teeth. M3 offset right side only.
1897.09.0042 12-2-2019 OA M 0 2 N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A 0 N/A N/A 2 N/A Severe wear prevents accurate assessment of several traits. Both M3s lost antemortem, crypts closed.
1897.09.0043 12-2-2019 MA-OA M 0 1 Y 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 M3 angle assesed from crypts. Teeth present are somewhat dirty but minimally worn.
1897.09.0044 12-2-2019 C Indt 0 N/A Y 1 0 0 0 0 4 0 2 N/A Some traits not scorable due to postmortem loss or not erupted yet. dLM1s present.
1897.09.0045 01-21-2020 YA M? N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Mandible in the box does not belong to this individual .
Rescore max
1897.09.0013 12-6-2019 YA F 0 0 (score 1) 0 0 (score 1) 0 0 0 (score 2) 1 (score 3) 0 0 (score 1) 0 0
1897.09.0014 12-6-2019 YA F? N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 1 0 (score 2) 0 (score 2) 0 1 (score 2) 0 0
1897.09.0015 12-5-2019 YA F N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A 1 (score 3) 1 (score 3) 0 0 (score 1) 0 0
1897.09.0031 12-4-2019 YA-MA F? 0 0 0 0 0 N/A 1 (score 3) 1 (score 3) 0 0 0 0
1897.09.0035 12-4-2019 MA M 0 0 (score 1) 0 0 (score 1) 0 0 0 (score 2) 0 (score 1) 0 0 0 0
Rescore mand
1897.09.0013 12-6-2019 YA F N/A 1 Y 1 (score 2) 0 1 (score 3) 0 0 4 0 N/A 0
1897.09.0014 12-6-2019 YA F? 0 3 Y 0 0 0 1 (score 1) 0 5 1 N/A 0
1897.09.0015 12-5-2019 YA F N/A 2 Y 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 2 1 (mesially offset)
1897.09.0031 12-4-2019 YA-MA F? N/A N/A Y 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 2 0
1897.09.0035 12-4-2019 MA M N/A 2 Y 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 2 0
Tab 8
Parkinson Collection Odontometrics (right side, left substituted when needed)
Maxilla
UI1 UI2 UC UPM1 UPM2 UM1 UM2 UM3
ID# Date Assessed? Age Class Sex Max. MDD Max. BLD Max. CH Max. MDD Max. BLD Max. CH Max. MDD Max. BLD Max. CH Max. MDD Max. BLD Max. CH Max. MDD Max. BLD Max. CH Max. MDD Max. BLD Max. CH Max. ML-DB Max. MB-DL Max. MDD Max. BLD Max. CH Max. ML-DB Max. MB-DL Max. MDD Max. BLD Max. CH Max. ML-DB Max. MB-DL Notes
1897.09.0001 11-15-2019 YA F? 8.97 (l) 7.39 (l) 10.62 (l) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 10.98 11.33 7 12.04 12.6 9.7 11.4 8.2 11.5 12.2 9.5 12.3 8.4 10.6 12.9
1897.09.0002 11-18-2019 OA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 11.31 12.49 9.05 12.62 13.85 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
1897.09.0003 11-18-2019 YA-MA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No measurements recorded due to arcardes glued together, even though a very few bucco-lingual diameters might be possible.
1897.09.0004 11-18-2019 YA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 10.79 (l) 12.14 (l) N/A 12.32 (l) 13.63 (l) 9.39 11.92 N/A 11.05 13.47 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
1897.09.0005 11-19-2019 YA F N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No measurements recorded due to arcardes glued together, even though crown height measurements are possible.
1897.09.0006 11-19-2019 MA-OA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 7.01 9.78 N/A 6.8 10.23 N/A 10.58 10.99 N/A 11.52 12.84 9.02 10.67 N/A 10.98 12.17 9.16 10.65 N/A 10.41 N/A
1897.09.0007 11-20-2019 OA F N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 8.16 11.12 N/A 9.88 11.88 8.1 N/A N/A N/A N/A Many measurements missing due to postmortem tooth loss or molar wear.
1897.09.0008 11-20-2019 MA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 5.67 9.37 N/A 10.74 10.08 6.6 10.87 12.77 9.13 11.71 7.06 10.68 11.39 9.36 10.35 7.08 10.64 12.48
1897.09.0009 11-20-2019 YA-MA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 6.95 9.7 7.69 11.14 12.06 7.5 11.97 14.04 10.03 12.85 7.5 11.98 13.15 9.1 11.46 6.15 10.65 11.65 Anterior dentition all lost post mortem
1897.09.0010 11-20-2019 YA-MA M? N/A 7.28 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 8.57 N/A 5.81 9.24 N/A 5.72 9.27 N/A 9.64 10.56 N/A 11.1 12.67 8.38 10.1 N/A 10.15 11.57 N/A 10.33 N/A 9.7 N/A Some measurements not possible due to missing enamel (rUM3) or attrition.
1897.09.0011 11-20-2019 MA-OA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 6.94 10.03 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A rUM1 and rUM2 in situ but too worn to get accurate measurements in any dimension.
1897.09.0012 11-20-2019 YA F? N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 7.32 9.35 6.73 N/A N/A N/A 11.21 11.24 7.26 10.96 12.92 10.36 10.69 7.56 10.61 12.06 8.66 10.55 6.71 10.12 10.71 Some measurements not possible due to postmortem tooth loss.
1897.09.0013 11-21-2019 YA F 8.53 7.03 9.47 7 6.57 8.86 8.39 8.35 8.6 6.57 (l) 9.02 (l) 6.46 (l) 6.85 (l) 9.57 (l) 6.85 (l) 10.94 11.54 7.47 11.33 12.61 9.23 11.19 7.7 10.91 12.57 8.93 10.81 7.18 10.63 12.08
1897.09.0014 11-21-2019 YA F? N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 6.9 9.62 8.63 N/A N/A N/A 10.91 11.16 8.42 11.72 13.53 9.55 11.5 8.71 11.09 11.99 10.01 11.3 8.3 10.98 12.5
1897.09.0015 11-22-2019 YA F N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 6.99 9.98 8.18 6.69 10.35 7.94 10.32 11.04 8.16 11.55 12.76 9.23 12.64 8.68 11.87 12.06 8.95 12.43 8.01 10.38 12.27 Teeth in excellent condition (include in rescored subsample)
1897.09.0016 11-22-2019 OC Indt N/A N/A N/A 8.18 7.39 10.95 7.51 8.25 12.33 7.52 (l) 9.86 (l) 8.43 (l) 6.82 10.25 8.56 11.06 12.5 7.61 12.36 13.37 9.68 12.10 7.95 10.81 13.01 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
1897.09.0017 11-22-2019 OA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No teeth present
1897.09.0018 11-22-2019 YA F? N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 7.62 7.52 7.54 10.72 11.42 7.68 11.5 13.43 10.58 11.39 8.19 11.32 13.27 9.87 10.84 7.5 10.35 12.12
1897.09.0019 11-25-2019 YA-MA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 5.95 9.25 7.75 10.42 11.18 8.82 10.7 12.56 9.54 (l) 10.83 (l) 6.34 (l) 10.15 (l) 11.87 (l) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
1897.09.0020 11-25-2019 YA M N/A N/A N/A N/A 6.49 (l) N/A N/A N/A N/A 6.6 9.01 7.59 N/A N/A N/A 10.77 11.22 8.16 11.18 12.86 9.17 11.46 7.23 11.3 11.34 7.59 10.45 5.44 8.9 10.2
1897.09.0021 11-25-2019 MA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 10.37 11.58 7.08 11.35 13.15 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Right canine is also present, loose in a bag. Too worn to measure in any dimension.
1897.09.0022 11-25-2019 YA M 8.52 7.92 10.2 7.08 7.24 8.46 N/A 8.08 N/A 6.42 (l) 9.99 (l) 7.61 (l) N/A N/A N/A 10.44 10.33 6.54 11.2 12.48 9.56 11.14 8.14 10.57 12.14 8.28 10.84 7.45 9.91 11.58
1897.09.0023 11-25-2019 YA-MA M N/A 6.86 (l) N/A N/A 7.01 (l) N/A N/A N/A N/A 7.78 N/A 6.96 7.74 N/A 7.23 N/A N/A 6.48 N/A N/A 9.6 11.07 7.48 10.13 13.66 8.51 10.79 6.49 9.81 11.39 Several measurements prevented by severe occlusal tooth wear or enamel loss.
1897.09.0024 11-26-2019 YA F N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 8.31 8.4 8.41 N/A N/A N/A 6.82 (l) 9.93 (l) 6.81 (l) 11.38 10.9 7.38 11.22 13.05 8.85 10.81 8.19 10.48 11.64 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
1897.09.0025 11-27-2019 YA M N/A 7.73 N/A N/A 7.23 N/A 7.45 9.02 9.62 6.67 10.77 8.09 6.87 10.55 7.71 10.32 11.36 7.11 10.87 12.63 8.34 11.38 8.07 9.32 11.38 8.12 11.67 6.96 10.92 12.01
1897.09.0026 11-27-2019 YA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 10.87 11.58 7.38 11.4 12.83 9.54 10.97 7.87 10.53 11.98 9.43 11.48 6.43 10.84 11.99
1897.09.0027 11-27-2019 YA F? N/A 7.39 (l) N/A N/A 7.27 N/A 7.96 8.44 9.83 6.5 10.93 8.55 6.36 10.85 7.65 10.2 12.23 7.84 11.76 13.37 9.21 12.72 8.38 11.94 12.8 9.1 11.7 7.2 11.01 11.54
1897.09.0028 11-27-2019 MA M N/A N/A N/A N/A 7.23 N/A N/A 8.74 (l) N/A 7.25 9.9 6.45 N/A N/A N/A 11.29 (l) 11.24 (l) 6.21 (l) 12.44 (l) 13.93 (l) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 9.56 (l) 10.79 (l) 7.26 (l) 10.24 (l) 11.22 (l) Moderate occlusal wear and dentine exposure; incisor, canine, both molars.
1897.09.0029 01-21-2020 YA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 7.02 10.26 7.22 N/A 12.76 8.34 N/A 13.46 10.08 (l) 11.88 (l) 8.09 (l) 10.96 (l) 12.46 (l) N/A 12.85 (l) 6.85 (l) 10.54 (l) N/A Postmortem enamel loss prevents all or some measurements of PM1s and rUM3.
1897.09.0030 11-28-2019 OC Indt 8.74 8.26 10.73 N/A N/A N/A 8.88 8.69 11.11 6.57 (l) 9.71 (l) 8.25 (l) N/A N/A N/A 10.92 11.39 7.63 11.13 13.05 7.76 (l) 12.28 (l) 7.37 (l) 10.6 (l) 12.31 (l) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
1897.09.0031 11-28-2019 YA-MA F? 7.86 (l) 7.45 (l) N/A 7.01 6.69 8.43 7.56 7.98 7.38 6.57 9.93 6.55 6.64 10.08 5.86 9.97 11.49 7.55 11.33 12.78 8.62 11.25 7.09 10.66 12.69 7.83 10.96 6.43 9.99 11.7
1897.09.0032 11-28-2019 MA-OA M N/A 7.99 N/A N/A 7.5 N/A N/A 8.87 N/A 7.63 10.88 8.47 7.41 10.22 7.17 10.82 12.47 7.78 12.3 13.4 10.15 12.68 7.18 12.18 13.49 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
1897.09.0033 11-28-2019 YA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 6.45 10.42 7.65 5.66 9.8 6.38 10.75 12.61 6.33 11.44 13.66 9.48 12.64 8.41 11.58 12.31 9.01 11.59 6.67 10.33 11.73
1897.09.0034 11-28-2019 YA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 6.33 8.97 6.57 10.6 10.9 6.44 10.84 12.71 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
1897.09.0035 11-29-2019 MA M N/A N/A N/A 7.28 7.38 N/A 8.43 (l) 8.88 (l) N/A 7.08 10.76 8.66 5.94 10.18 7.18 10.64 11.82 8.56 12.24 13.56 9.6 12.38 8.43 11.18 12.59 7.32 11.65 7.09 10.75 11.58 Teeth minimally worn, but slightly more wear anteriorly. rUC and lUI1 lost postmortem, rUI1 broken off at root.
1897.09.0036 11-29-2019 MA-OA M N/A N/A N/A N/A 8.08 (l) N/A 7.62 9.56 9.73 7.05 10.33 8.65 N/A N/A N/A 10.64 12.52 N/A 12.14 13.36 10.69 12.29 8.25 12.14 13.88 8.87 (l) 11.7 (l) N/A 11.43 (l) 11.42 (l)
1897.09.0037 11-29-2019 MA-OA M N/A 7.7 N/A N/A 7.25 N/A N/A 8.76 N/A 7.06 10.16 N/A 7.1 10.2 6.91 N/A N/A 6.85 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 9.26 11.76 N/A N/A 12.65 Severe occlusal wear across most remaining teeth prevening many measurements.
1897.09.0038 11-29-2019 YA F N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 6.59 9.96 7.08 6.68 9.55 7.24 N/A 10.87 N/A N/A N/A 9.25 10.57 8.38 10.35 13.19 9.17 11.45 N/A 10.72 12.17 Significant occlusal wear across all remaining teeth, especially canine and molars
1897.09.0039 11-29-2019 YA F? N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 7.38 7.97 N/A 5.73 9.45 6.09 5.98 9.38 5.65 9.47 11.13 6.35 11.45 12.64 N/A 11.24 6.34 N/A 12.17 8.1 (l) 12.01 (l) 6.02 (l) 9.57 (l) 11.17 (l)
1897.09.0040 12-2-2019 YA-MA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Glued together jaws plus moderate to severe wear prevents taking accurate measurements.
1897.09.0041 12-2-2019 YA-MA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 5.98 9.86 8.14 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Only one tooth in situ. All other crypts present but some with alveolar damage.
1897.09.0042 12-2-2019 OA M N/A 7.62 (l) N/A N/A 7.03 N/A N/A 8.27 (l) N/A 7.12 9.88 N/A 6.92 10.27 N/A N/A 11.88 N/A N/A 13.4 11.15 12.55 N/A 11.85 13.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Moderate to severe occlusal wear, especially anterior teeth.
1897.09.0043 12-2-2019 MA-OA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 10.4 11.95 9.03 11.62 12.65 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Only one tooth in situ. All other crypts present but some with alveolar damage.
1897.09.0044 12-2-2019 C Indt 8.48 7.62 11.06 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 6.21 9.89 7.39 N/A N/A N/A 10.38 12.6 7.83 11.18 12.93 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Teeth in situ are unworn. Canine and M2s too set within crypts to accurately measure. M3 crowns just beginning to form.
1897.09.0045 01-21-2020 YA M? N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 6.75 9.48 7.37 N/A N/A N/A 10.76 10.61 6.58 12 12.97 11.05 11.15 7.59 11.69 13.02 9.34 (l) 11.3 (l) 5.91 (l) 9.98 (l) 11.76 (l)
Mandible
LI1 LI2 LC LPM1 LPM2 LM1 LM2 LM3
ID# Date Assessed? Age Class Sex Max. MDD Max. BLD Max. CH Max. MDD Max. BLD Max. CH Max. MDD Max. BLD Max. CH Max. MDD Max. BLD Max. CH Max. MDD Max. BLD Max. CH Max. MDD Max. BLD Max. CH Max. ML-DB Max. MB-DL Max. MDD Max. BLD Max. CH Max. ML-DB Max. MB-DL Max. MDD Max. BLD Max. CH Max. ML-DB Max. MB-DL
1897.09.0001 11-15-2019 YA F? N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 8.3 8.1 9.4 5.7 (l) 7.4 (l) N/A 6.8 8.9 N/A 11.2 11.2 N/A 12.1 12.2 N/A 10.4 N/A 11.5 N/A 10.7 9.9 N/A 10.8 11.2
1897.09.0002 11-18-2019 OA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
1897.09.0003 11-18-2019 YA-MA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
1897.09.0004 11-18-2019 YA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 11.82 (l) 6.31 (l) 12.35 (l) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 9.8 N/A N/A N/A
1897.09.0005 11-19-2019 YA F N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A No measurements recorded due to arcardes glued together, even though crown height measurements are possible.
1897.09.0006 11-19-2019 MA-OA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 7.3 (l) 8.61 (l) N/A N/A N/A N/A 10.99 11.04 N/A 11.54 12.49 10.7 (l) 10.03 (l) N/A 11.15 (l) 11.38 (l) 11 (l) 10.75 (l) N/A 11.79 (l) 11.64 (l) Some measurements missing due to missing teeth, alveolar bone, or attrition.
1897.09.0007 11-20-2019 OA F N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 10.93 (l) 11.81 (l) N/A 12.38 (l) 12.12 (l) 9.61 (l) 10.72 (l) N/A 11.44 (l) 11.37 (l) 11.26 10.55 N/A 11.34 11.86 Many measurements missing due to missing teeth or molar wear
1897.09.0008 11-20-2019 MA M N/A N/A N/A 6.53 6.36 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 6.25 (l) 8.8 (l) N/A 10.79 10.1 N/A 11.58 11.63 9.96 9.48 N/A 11.41 11 10.63 9.87 6.22 11.33 10.67
1897.09.0009 11-20-2019 YA-MA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 12.47 11.26 N/A 12.32 13.01 11.37 (l) 11.16 (l) 8.2 (l) 12.69 (l) 12.47 (l) 12.66 11.01 6.82 12.92 12.77
1897.09.0010 11-20-2019 YA-MA M? N/A N/A N/A N/A 5.9 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 6.9 8.25 N/A N/A 10.4 N/A 11.48 N/A N/A 9.17 (l) N/A N/A N/A 9.64 (l) 8.88 (l) N/A 9.87 (l) N/A Many measurements missing due to missing teeth or molar wear
1897.09.0011 11-20-2019 MA-OA M N/A N/A N/A 5.64 (l) 5.98 (l) 7.15 (l) 7.68 N/A 8.28 N/A N/A N/A 7.25 (l) 8.84 (l) 7.82 (l) N/A 10.69 N/A 11.61 12.11 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 9.99 (l) N/A 12.02 (l) 11.08 (l) Many measurements missing due to missing teeth, attrition, or postmortem enamel loss.
1897.09.0012 11-20-2019 YA F? 5.18 6.42 6.46 5.33 6.63 7.08 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 11.49 11.01 4.95 11.79 11.67 11.05 10.17 6.73 11.2 11.17 10.63 10.05 5.54 11.18 10.73
1897.09.0013 11-21-2019 YA F 5.65 5.9 7.06 5.86 5.99 7.92 N/A N/A N/A 6.4 (l) 7.76 (l) 6.55 (l) 7.53 8.43 6.78 10.9 10.52 6.75 11.85 11.85 9.85 9.84 7.69 11.07 11.23 10.89 10.34 5.97 11.66 11.62
1897.09.0014 11-21-2019 YA F? 5.72 (l) 6.07 (l) 7.26 (l) 6.2 6.47 9.09 6.72 (l) 7.6 (l) 9.89 (l) 6.53 8.4 8.12 6.8 8.84 7.58 11.37 11.04 N/A 12.04 12.06 10.77 10.46 8.38 11.84 11.17 10.56 11.24 8.08 12.06 12.11 Most measurements possible, include in rescore
1897.09.0015 11-22-2019 YA F 6.16 5.8 8 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 7.56 (l) 8.79 (l) 8.81 (l) 7.76 (l) 9 (l) 8.28 (l) 11.36 10.62 8.47 11.54 11.72 10.93 10.41 8.42 11.84 11.92 10.66 11 7.31 11.72 12.32
1897.09.0016 11-22-2019 OC Indt N/A N/A N/A 6.47 6.68 9.67 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 11.74 (l) 11.62 (l) 8.25 (l) 12.39 (l) 12.84 (l) 11.23 11.18 8.34 12 11.82 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Older child (teen). All teeth present permanent and unworn. M3s erupting or crypts just opening.
1897.09.0017 11-22-2019 OA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Only rLI1 and rLPM2 present, both very worn and stained.
1897.09.0018 11-22-2019 YA F? N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 7.56 8.4 6.54 7.75 (l) 9.02 (l) 7.07 (l) 11.22 10.92 N/A 12.4 12.42 10.76 11.05 7.23 11.62 11.99 11.05 10.63 5.8 12.08 11.32
1897.09.0019 11-25-2019 YA-MA M N/A N/A N/A N/A 6.39 N/A N/A N/A N/A 6.47 7.89 6.81 6.09 8.06 N/A 11.10 10.27 N/A 11.56 11.65 10.62 9.38 N/A 10.86 11.06 9.47 9.58 N/A 9.82 9.83
1897.09.0020 11-25-2019 YA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 7.62 N/A 6.9 (l) 7.79 (l) N/A N/A 8.71 (l) N/A 10.64 10.33 N/A 11.26 N/A 9.68 9.74 N/A 10.71 11.23 12.24 10.95 N/A 11.27 11.92 Two measurements prevented due to postmortem enamel loss. Others due to occlusal wear.
1897.09.0021 11-25-2019 MA M N/A N/A N/A 6.27 (l) 6.76 (l) 8.17 (l) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 11.25 10.52 N/A 12.19 12.33 11.93 11.08 7.66 12.59 12.21 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A lLI2 is incorrectly glued into canine crypt.
1897.09.0022 11-25-2019 YA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 7.41 (l) 8.27 (l) 10.28 (l) 7.38 8.91 8.06 N/A N/A N/A 11.16 10.22 5.95 11.36 11.54 10.34 10.21 7.14 11.17 11.25 10.91 10.44 5.81 11.74 11.66
1897.09.0023 11-25-2019 YA-MA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 8.77 N/A 6.9 9.89 N/A N/A 10.9 N/A N/A 12.32 10.66 10.52 N/A 11.88 12.06 11.23 10.08 5.67 12.31 11.65 Severe wear prevents some measurements.
1897.09.0024 11-26-2019 YA F N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 11.75 10.94 6.62 12.25 12.82 10.07 10.62 7.9 11.6 11.61 10.75 10.59 7.04 11.51 11.42 Most teeth lost postmortem
1897.09.0025 11-27-2019 YA M 5.46 6.77 7.53 6.09 6.61 7.86 6.99 8.09 10.27 6.84 8.36 7.35 7.23 8.25 7.6 10.22 10.4 7.3 11.64 11.46 10.2 9.9 7.96 11.29 11.05 11.27 10.44 7.69 11.82 11.96
1897.09.0026 11-27-2019 YA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 11.32 10.91 N/A 11.62 11.87 10.15 (l) 10.41 (l) 6.79 (l) 11.89 (l) 11.83 (l) 11.2 (l) 10.8 (l) 6.67 (l) 12.39 (l) 11.73 (l)
1897.09.0027 11-27-2019 YA F? N/A N/A N/A N/A 6.68 N/A 6.82 7.8 N/A 7.41 8.65 7.75 7.64 9.99 6.75 10.94 11.43 N/A 11.93 12.65 10.91 10.78 N/A 12.26 12.41 9.24 10.55 6.91 11.16 12.04
1897.09.0028 11-27-2019 MA M N/A 6.3 N/A N/A 6.67 N/A N/A 7.74 (l) N/A 5.97 (l) 9.69 (l) 5.12 (l) 6.35 (l) 8.67 (l) N/A 10.9 11.21 N/A 12.53 12.73 9.73 9.88 N/A 10.86 11.22 10.53 9.94 N/A 11.18 11.27
1897.09.0029 01-21-2020 YA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 7.5 N/A 6.91 (l) 8.34 (l) N/A 7.02 (l) 8.6 (l) N/A 11.54 12.31 N/A 12.27 12.92 10.42 11.08 N/A 12.12 12 11.79 11.61 N/A 12.55 11.99
1897.09.0030 11-28-2019 OC Indt 5.6 7.03 8.13 6.19 6.96 8.91 7.35 7.01 11.47 N/A N/A N/A 7.64 (l) 7.83 (l) 7.91 (l) 11.16 11.33 7.17 11.92 12.54 9.29 10.98 7.93 10.66 12.63 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
1897.09.0031 11-28-2019 YA-MA F? N/A 5.8 N/A N/A 6.16 (l) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 10.8 10.38 N/A 11.42 11.66 10.07 10.19 6.41 11.59 11.36 10.3 10.04 6.34 10.93 10.88
1897.09.0032 11-28-2019 MA-OA M N/A 8.59 N/A N/A 8.3 N/A N/A 8.38 N/A 7.2 8.97 N/A 7.4 9.57 N/A 11.51 11.41 N/A 12.41 12.34 11.18 11.39 8.16 13.25 12.63 10.85 11.33 N/A 10.81 11.99
1897.09.0033 11-28-2019 YA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 6.88 8.33 6.74 6.58 9.14 7.36 12.23 11.13 6.71 12.81 12.33 10.9 10.66 7.37 12.13 11.7 11.28 10.73 7.05 12.05 11.71
1897.09.0034 11-28-2019 YA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 10.97 10.36 N/A 11.27 11.59 10.25 10 6.15 11.04 11.13 11.04 9.92 5.79 11.48 10.85
1897.09.0035 11-29-2019 MA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 7.55 9.28 6.76 7.39 9.24 7.25 11.59 11.02 6.29 12.31 12.25 10.97 10.88 7.12 12.28 12.2 9.23 10.61 6.49 11.51 11.02
1897.09.0036 11-29-2019 MA-OA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 8.44 N/A 6.77 8.84 N/A 7.43 (l) 8.91 (l) N/A 12.04 11.35 N/A 12.07 12.77 11.73 11.1 6.07 12.28 12.42 11.52 (l) 10.45 (l) N/A 12.14 (l) 11.47 (l)
1897.09.0037 11-29-2019 MA-OA M N/A 5.9 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 8.07 N/A 6.72 8.69 N/A N/A 9.59 (l) N/A 11.72 11.67 N/A 12.85 13.18 11.26 11.52 N/A 12.63 13 N/A 12.06 N/A 13.38 N/A Moderate to heavy occlusal wear across most remaining dentition preventing accurate measurements in some instances.
1897.09.0038 11-29-2019 YA F N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 7.19 8.17 N/A 7.15 (l) 8.7 (l) 5.95 (l) 10.9 10.84 N/A 11.52 N/A 10.82 10.32 N/A 11.88 11.86 11.42 (l) 10.47 (l) N/A 12.17 (l) 11.38 (l) Some teeth in incorrect position. Moderate molar wear.
1897.09.0039 11-29-2019 YA F? 5.3 6.13 N/A N/A N/A N/A 6.53 7.13 N/A 6.68 8.03 6.3 5.79 8.02 5.8 N/A 9.79 N/A N/A N/A N/A 9.68 6.59 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Some measurements missing due to wear or postmortem enamel loss.
1897.09.0040 12-2-2019 YA-MA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Glued together jaws plus moderate to severe wear prevents taking accurate measurements.
1897.09.0041 12-2-2019 YA-MA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 8.73 (l) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 10.45 N/A N/A N/A 10.68 (l) 9.79 (l) N/A 11.24 (l) 11.88 (l) 10.01 10.69 N/A N/A 11.64 Occlusal wear and/or postmortem enamel loss prevents some measurements.
1897.09.0042 12-2-2019 OA M N/A N/A N/A N/A 6.66 (l) N/A N/A 7.71 N/A 6.91 8.78 N/A 7.55 8.99 N/A N/A 10.77 N/A N/A N/A 12.71 11.06 N/A 13.16 12.96 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Moderate to heavy occlusal wear across most remaining dentition preventing accurate measurements in some instances.
1897.09.0043 12-2-2019 MA-OA M N/A 5.76 N/A 5.63 (l) 6.07 (l) 6.57 (l) 7.44 7.38 N/A 6.46 (l) 7.24 (l) 7.44 (l) 7.48 (l) 8.66 (l) 7.23 (l) 10.67 11.81 6.9 12.23 12.48 10.56 10.85 6.23 11.9 11.72 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Molars in good condition but anterior teeth moderately worn.
1897.09.0044 12-2-2019 C Indt N/A N/A N/A 6.05 (l) 6.78 (l) 8.53 (l) 6.82 (l) 7.96 (l) 10.43 (l) 7.34 8.85 8.59 N/A N/A N/A 10.5 10.62 7.45 11.05 12.09 9.78 (l) 9.72 (l) 6.75 (l) 10.47 (l) 10.01 (l) N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Teeth in situ are unworn. M3 crypts just beginning to open.
1897.09.0045 01-21-2020 YA M? N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Mandible in the box does not belong to this individual.
Rescore max
1897.09.0013 12-6-2019 YA F 8.55 6.9 9.62 7.03 6.91 8.48 8.4 8.32 8.65 6.37 (l) 8.88 (l) 6.54 (l) 6.65 (l) 9.59 (l) 6.68 (l) 10.89 11.61 7.5 11.43 12.74 9.58 11.28 7.8 10.62 12.17 8.9 10.83 7.10 10.66 12.04
1897.09.0014 12-6-2019 YA F? N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 7.11 9.53 8.17 N/A N/A N/A 10.9 11.45 8.51 11.57 13.53 10.02 11.49 8.22 11.06 12.24 9.91 11.38 7.69 10.86 12.53
1897.09.0015 12-5-2019 YA F N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 7.08 10.22 8.33 6.49 10.58 8.37 10.75 11.28 8.08 11.25 12.24 8.81 11.95 8.6 11.48 12.72 8.75 12.47 8.52 10.06 12.85
1897.09.0031 12-4-2019 YA-MA F? 7.86 (l) 7.55 (l) N/A 7.18 6.63 7.14 7.51 8.24 7.26 6.8 9.89 6.84 6.76 10.05 6.16 10.02 11.51 7.43 11.3 12.72 8.55 11.42 7.63 10.65 12.59 7.65 10.93 6.62 10.01 11.81
1897.09.0035 12-4-2019 MA M N/A N/A N/A 7.32 7.38 N/A 8.17 (l) 9.08 (l) N/A 7.12 10.58 8.77 6.15 10.11 8.23 10.39 11.85 9.16 11.76 13.18 9.57 11.45 8.83 11.27 12.2 7.58 11.66 7.24 10.98 11.73
Rescore mand
1897.09.0013 12-6-2019 YA F 5.55 6.28 7.27 5.8 6.09 7.88 N/A N/A N/A 6.46 (l) 7.79 (l) 6.53 (l) 7.58 8.33 6.82 11.63 10.53 7.09 11.87 11.95 9.75 9.84 7.79 11.04 11.44 10.97 10.34 6.49 11.65 11.56
1897.09.0014 12-6-2019 YA F? 6.01 (l) 6.15 (l) 7.48 (l) 6.27 6.47 8.73 6.82 (l) 7.59 (l) 9.53 (l) 6.6 8.35 8.15 6.42 8.88 7.39 11.21 11.36 7.35 12.24 12.21 10.58 10.47 8.08 11.58 11.62 10.66 11.24 8.46 12.68 12.17
1897.09.0015 12-5-2019 YA F N/A 5.97 8.28 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 7.55 (l) 8.75 (l) 8.93 (l) 7.76 (l) 9.13 (l) 8.57 (l) 11.29 10.67 7.54 11.58 11.75 10.8 10.42 8.01 11.84 12.06 11.09 10.84 7.52 11.61 12.29
1897.09.0031 12-4-2019 YA-MA F? N/A 5.86 N/A N/A 6,15 (l) N/A N/A 7.18 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 10.63 9.8 N/A 11.24 11.72 9.99 10.69 6.24 11.41 11.32 10.48 10.01 6.12 11.47 10.82
1897.09.0035 12-4-2019 MA M N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 7.56 9.27 6.76 7.02 9.3 6.92 11.41 10.98 6.7 12.39 12.31 10.85 10.68 7.07 12.2 11.91 9.48 10.43 6.22 11.57 11.06
ARTIKLAR I WIKIPEDIA
ARTIKLAR I WIKIDATA
BILDER I WIKIMEDIA COMMONS
