The Silk Road, as it has come to be known, was not a single road. It was a network of trade and communications routes that linked continents and cultures for thousands of years.
German geographer Ferdinand von Richthofen coined the expression in the late 19th century. His job was to identify a plausible route for a railway line. This probably affected how he thought about this trade network which stretched across both land and water. At the hubs that emerged where different commercial systems intersected, important economic and cultural centres developed. In the vast majority of cases, goods travelled much farther than people.
The grave figurines in the display were produced in China during the Tang dynasty. Two-humped Bactrian camels and people of foreign origin were often represented in the graves of the elite, since they are associated with trade, wealth and exotic luxury.
Travel and trade along the land-based Silk Road routes culminated during the Chinese Tang dynasty. Both the Tang dynasty and the Sassanid Empire (226–680 AD) in what is now Iran collaborated to keep the roads open and relatively safe for travellers between the two empires.
When the era of the great round-the-world sailing voyages began, many of the land routes declined in significance. Earlier centres ended up on the periphery. Of course, centres and peripheries shift over time. The world is constantly changing right before our eyes, and the region will continue to be important in global history.