仏 means: buddha
Buddhism came to Japan from China and Korea in the 6th century. It constitutes one of the five world religions. Buddhism is based on a teaching attributed to Siddharta Gautama Buddha. A Buddhist believer respects and protects all life, down to the smallest insect. All material things and all living beings are impermanent. According to Buddhism, life is a circle. People are born, die and are reborn. To escape the circle, one must reach the conviction that life is ephemeral. Thereafter you can go to Paradise. Japanese burials are generally conducted according to Buddhist practice. The mourners pray for the deceased for 49 days. During that time, the soul of the departed is believed to wander without a home. Memorial ceremonies for the dead are held at regular intervals over several years. Many families place food, drinks and other gifts for their deceased family members at a small altar in their home. Buddhism is of great importance in philosophy, literature, education, architecture and art.
神 means: deity
Shintoism is a religion originating in Japan. It translates to the way of the gods. In Shintoism a large number of gods are worshipped. The gods are called kami, and amount to up to eight million, which actually symbolizes an infinite number. Kami can be nature spirits, human souls, ancestral spirits and gods. There are countless Shinto shrines and holy sites in Japan. At the entrance to the shrine is a torii, a temple gate. Inside, there is a place to wash your hands. Some of the most important rites in Shintoism are various forms of purification rituals. Many people in Japan practice both Shintoism and Bud- dhism. It is sometimes said that Shintoism has to do with life, and Buddhism with death and the afterlife. This means that many rituals related to life, such as rites of passage and marriage, are held at Shinto shrines, while funeral rituals are held at Buddhist temples.
Shintoism is sometimes described as a form of animism, meaning the belief that nature is animated. Reverence for nature is therefore a central part. Nature is believed to be imbued with kami. A kami can be a god or a sacred force. Kami can be found in ancient trees, mighty mountains or a person who has achieved something great. Some places are considered sacred. Mount Fuji is one of them. Japan’s dramatic scenery of mountains, isolated valleys and active volcanoes is recurrently hit by natural disasters such as earthquakes, typhoons and tsunamis. This has given rise to a belief in the supernatural. The relationship with super- natural beings became important to ensure good harvests and avoid crop failure and epidemics. Folklore became a meeting place between kami, nature, and human living conditions and gave rise to fairy tales and ghost stories. Everywhere there were evil spirits, demons and menacing gods. In such a world, yokai became a natural part.
Image. Tea harvest with Mount Fuji in the background. According to some folk tales, Yamanokami (the deity of the mountain) is said to descend from the mountain to the rice fields in the spring, then return to the mountain in the fall.